6-Emergency Procedures

Question 1

triage

Answer 1

french meaning “to sort”

Question 2

Always obtain during phone triage:

Answer 2

1. cl name, phone number
2. pets age, breed, sex (spayed/neutered)
3. brief description of problem

Question 3

examples of emergencies

Answer 3

• Severe hemorrhage
• Labored breathing
• Loss of consciousness
• Seizures
• Inability to urinate- straining
• Profuse diarrhea/ vomiting
• Poisoning- chemical /animal
• Penetrating wounds to eye, chest, abdomen

Question 4

respiratory system questions

Answer 4

• Is animal breathing /having difficulty breathing?
• Owner describe how animal is breathing..rapid, short,shallow breaths?
• How many breaths per minute is animal taking?
• Is breathing noisy or quiet and effortless?
• Is animal restless/unwilling to lie down?
• Is animal standing with next extended, with front legs held away from chest?

Question 5

oxygen therapy

Answer 5

Room air contains 21% oxygen, delivery of oxygen in a concentration greater than 20%

Question 6

oxygen delivery -mask

Answer 6

should not be used long term, provides high oxygen flow/excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide

Question 7

oxygen delivery - oxygen cage

Answer 7

best for small pts, allows for control of oxygen, humidity/ambient temp. Pts should be monitored for hyperthermia

Question 8

oxygen delivery- nasal catheter

Answer 8

red rubber catheter placed in pts nostrils, sutured to the animal’s head/attached to humidified oxygen source

Question 9

cardiovascular system questions

Answer 9

• Is heart beating?
• Is rhythm of heart regular?
• Have owner count number of beats per minute
• What is capillary fill time?
• What is color of gums?
• Is pets feet /ears warm or cold?

Question 10

shock

Answer 10

• The failure of cardiovascular system to supply oxygen /other nutrients to the body cells
• Caused by variety of disease /conditions (trauma, blood loss, heart disease, severe infection)
• Causes cell death /if not quickly identified, treated /reversed total body death

Question 11

early stage shock

Answer 11

ncreased heart rate, bounding pulses, bright pink mucus membranes / shortened CRT

Question 12

late stage/ progressive shock

Answer 12

• rapid heart rate , weak pulses, low body temp. W cold extremities, will become mentally depressed /.unaware of surroundings
• Treatment includes aggressive fluid therapy unless contraindicated and or blood products

Question 13

trauma

Answer 13

physical/emotional injury

Question 14

wound care

Answer 14

some pts require pain med/sedation prior to wound treatment

• begins w clipping/cleaning
• ## clip around using 40blade

Question 15

urogenital system questions

Answer 15

• Is pet urinating?
• Inability to urinate quickly result accumulation of waste products in blood lead to death
• Assist owner in determining if animal actually producing urine /just straining to urinate

Question 16

fracture

Answer 16

confirmed by radiographed, localized swelling, pain, abnormal body positioning may be initial indications

-May be closed or open fracture

Question 17

open fracture-compund fracture

Answer 17

• bone is protruding thru skin causing infection risk
• immobilize to reduce swelling/pain
• cold therapy withing 48-72 hrs

Question 18

abrasion

Answer 18

superficial wound

Question 19

avulsion

Answer 19

piece of tissue that has torn away from body

Question 20

incision

Answer 20

wound with smooth regular edges produced by sharp cutting object

Question 21

laceration

Answer 21

wound w rough irregular edges

Question 22

puncture

Answer 22

wound w high risk of infection caused by sharp pointed object that penetrates skin ile,

Question 23

abscess -closed

Answer 23

needed to be opened to drain purulent materials contains. After that treated as open abscess.

Question 24

abscess- open

Answer 24

needs to be drained/flushed. Any necrotic tissue is removed/a penrose drain placed during closure. Drain remains in place until wound drainage resolves/the hole from the drain is left to heal by second intention.

Question 25

bandaging - primary layer

Answer 25

wound dressing, various types/ dr will specify which one. Layer against the skin.

Question 26

bandaging - secondary lyer

Answer 26

hold primary layer in place. Consist of non-adherent material extending beyond primary layer. Cotton wrap used if padding or immobilization required then is wrapped with roll gauze.

Question 27

bandaging - tertiary

Answer 27

final layer actually holds bandage on animal. Edges adhere to air of pt to keep bandage from moving. Usually consists of vet wrap, elasticon or white tape.

Question 28

emergency

Answer 28

Arrival of pts suffering from acute injuries, hemorrhage, respiratory distress, shock /poisoning necessitates life- saving measures

Question 29

be LARK

Answer 29

Listen actively antcipate needs respond quickly know what you are doing

Question 30

read drug labels 3 times

Answer 30

1. when picked up 2. when you fill syringe 3. when you put the drug down

Question 31

ambu bag

Answer 31

hand held device to provide breathing assistance for pt  not breathing on own/ breathing poorly. usually attached to oxygen/anesthetic machine (no anesthetic will be used)

Question 32

ABC

Answer 32

airway breathing circulaton (gums-pink/pale?)

Question 33

bloat - GD/GDV

Answer 33

gatsric dilation and gastric dilatation volvulus life threatening symptoms- bloatd stomach, ( look/ feel like balloon in advanced stages), restlessness, unproductive retching, panting, salivation, whining. stomach becomes distended w gases, liquid and food.  then twists/ rotates around  distal esophagus, preventing air/ fluid from leaving  stomach.  Pressure from  distended stomach prevents blood from flowing back to heart, / stomach wall begins to die.

Question 34

renal failure

Answer 34

when kidney unable to proplerly filter waste products from blood Symptoms- increase thirst/urination -pu/pd-,decreased appetite, vomiting,dep

Question 35

bloked cat/ FLutd-o

Answer 35

urethra can be partially/ fully blocked by mucus, blood, stones.

Question 36

seizures

Answer 36

Caused by transient abnormal brain activity and composed of three parts.

Question 37

seizures- aura

Answer 37

occurs before  seizure/ animal may sense that something is about to happen and become restless and/or nervous.

Question 38

seizures- ictus

Answer 38

actual seizure time when animal unresponsive, collapse and have violent thrashing of its body.

Question 39

seizures- post ictus

Answer 39

the recovery period following ictus when the per may be blind and stagger about.

Question 40

gastrointestinal

Answer 40

involves vomiting and diarrhea. frequency and volume of V/D will determine the severity of the problem. -Causes can be bacteria, viral, dietary, toxins, drugs, neurological diseases and/or metabolic diseases.

Question 41

parvovirus

Answer 41

infectious virus that be fatal. Vomiting, bloody diarrhea/low white blood cell count lead  severe dehydration, shock/secondary infections.

Question 42

euthanasia

Answer 42

meaning good or eight death