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ICT Flashcards > 6. ICT applications > Flashcards

6. ICT applications Flashcards

1
Q

Paper based communications

A

Hard copy output - (e.g.newspapers, leaflets, posters, business cards, etc.)

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2
Q

Digital communications

A

Screen based (e.g. websites, forums, slideshows, multimedia presentations, sound, etc.)

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3
Q

Newsletter

A

Paper based
Simple
Cheap
Easy to acquire
Available daily

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4
Q

Website

A

Digital-based

Can be easily access as long as there’s Internet connection

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5
Q

Multimedia presentations

A

Presentations using animation, video, sound + music

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6
Q

Cartoons

A

Digital-based

Eye catching

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7
Q

Flyers and posters

A

Paper-based

Often A4 size (smaller if flyer) or bigger

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8
Q

What is data handling?

A

where data is input and stored on a computer.

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9
Q

where data is input and stored on a computer.

A

data input into the computer -> computer proceses the data and turns it into useful info -> useful information is output

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10
Q

Survey results

an investigation of the opinions of a group

A

Often paper-based

Computer handles data survey

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11
Q

Address lists

list of contacts

A

Stored electronically
Often contains (names, addresses, tel number, etc. )

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12
Q

School reports

details performance levels

A

Stored in a database

Printed

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13
Q

Clubs and society records (records that store info)

A

Using databases

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14
Q

School libraries

A

Using databases

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15
Q

What are sensors?

A

detect changes in the environment to gather measurable data

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16
Q

Examples of measurement application

A

Scientific experiments — Data logging can be setup to automatically monitor and record data generated by scientific experiments e.g. human genome experiment
Environmental measuring — where data is collected to be used for purposes such as weather forecasting, water quality in rivers and streams, levels of air pollution
Weather stations contain lots of sensors (e.g. thermometer, humidity sensor), that feed data into computer and then analysed
Electronic timings — Computerised data logging can be used to accurately measure time)

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17
Q

Describe the process of sensors logging data

A

Sensors automatically detect + measure physical quantities (e.g. rainfall)
Data logging is measuring the physical item at predefined times
Sensors are connected computer
Sensor data must be converted to digital

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18
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of sensors

A

ads:
Work longer - Can log data 24/7
Reliable - will not make mistakes
Frequency of readings - Read data frequently, hundreds of times per second
Safer - Can operate in hostile to human environments
Automatic readings - no need for humans
Accuracy - Can analyze data and output

disads:
Might be expensive

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19
Q

What are the two types of data?

A

Analogue

Digital

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20
Q

Analogue data

A

data that use values which change very smoothly

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21
Q

Digital data

A

data that jumps from one value to the next in a step by step sequence

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22
Q

What are the two types of converters?

A
  1. Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC)
  2. Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC)
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23
Q

What is a ‘microprocessor’?

A

A silicon chip that contains a CPU (To be found in most electronic devices today)

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24
Q

Smart appliances

A

Keeps track of food and expiry date by either RFID, barcodes or manual data entry
Sends alert to computer or displays on door (fridge)
Reads the barcode and sets temperature and time according to encoded barcode (oven)

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25
Q

Heating / aircon systems

A
  • Has preset range of temperatures and adjusts according to the temperature being input via sensors
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26
Q

Burglary systems

A
  • Has vibration sensors, pressure sensor, motion detectors - send signal to control panel => Alarm activated
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27
Q

Glasshouse

A

Use of sensors (light, heat, humidity)
Input to control
Control adjusts actuator
Switches bulb/fan/window on or off

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28
Q

Washing machines

A
  • Control water temperature, valves to let water in, valves to let water out
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29
Q

What are turtle graphics (LOGO)?

A

system designed to teach students the basics of computer programming and control

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30
Q

What are modelling applications?

A

computer programs that attempt to “stimulate” activities that happen physically (designed to behave like real life system)

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31
Q

The features of a spreadsheet-based model

A

allow a range of input variables to be set
use formulae to define rules for model
produce output based on input variables + rules

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32
Q

Characteristics of robots in controlled applications

A

Robotic arms
Strong
Joints powered by motors
Various tool attachments at the end of the arm
Controlled by microprocessors (which give instructions)

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33
Q

What can robots do?

A

Perform repetitive tasks
Perform dangerous tasks (which physically harm humans)
Work 24/7
Perform delicate tasks (humans make mistakes)
Wielding cars in factories
Pain spray cars
Lift heavy items
Make microchips

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34
Q

Advantages of robots

A

Work non-stop
Handle repetitive tasks
Work in dangerous environments
Work faster than humans
Do not have to be paid wages

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35
Q

Disadvantages of robots

A

Initial cost is expensive
Replace humans in jobs (unemployment)
Cannot make decisions
Can break down

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36
Q

What are school management systems?

A

a system that manages all of a school’s data in a single, integrated application (like SIMS)

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37
Q

What do school management systems record?

A

Pupil information
Staff information
Timetable
Pupil behaviour
Administration data
Financial records
Exam entries

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38
Q

How do school management systems register students?

A

Electronic registration
MIS software is on teachers computer (SIMS)
Teacher inputs attendance (data)
Administration run report - absence names

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39
Q

How do school management systems record learner performance?

A

Spreadsheets

Using specialist software

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40
Q

What are the uses of booking systems?

A

Air travel
Holiday accommodation
Theatre
Cinema
Real time processing

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41
Q

What is a real-time system?

A

where every input is processed immediately => the resulting output is ready before the next input is processed. (Double booking is avoided)

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42
Q

Describe the process of booking airline ticket

A

Choice of available flights/tickets presented on screen (Time, Date, Destination)
Choose seat
Secure payment page
Receive Reservation Number (Print ticket, QR code to mobile, Email confirmation)

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43
Q

Advantages of booking systems

A

No double booking
Immediate feedback on availability
24/7 system
Immediate confirmation
Tied into other online apps

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44
Q

Disadvantages of booking systems

A

Expensive to create
Training for staff if over phone
Breakdown issues
Website needs to be well designed

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45
Q

What does ATM stand for?

A

Automatic Teller Machine

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46
Q

What are ATMs used for?

A

withdrawing cash
depositing money
checking the balance of accounts
transferring money between accounts
paying bills

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47
Q

Describe the process of withdrawing cash from an ATM

A

The card is inserted into the ATM where it is read by a magnetic strip reader or a smart card reader
Insert card
Type PIN (Personal Identification Number)
Choose transaction
Follow instructions
Take cash/Take statement/ Deposit cash
Take card

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48
Q

Describe the process of cheques clearing

A

Each cheque is passed through an MICR Reader that can read special numbers
Ink numbers are read
Handwritten part (payee + value of payment) read by OCR or input manually
(Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)

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49
Q

Describe card processing

A

Card is read by card reader
Enter PIN number
Request for authorisation to pay sent to bank
Bank sends back yes or no
If yes - amount is debited (deducted) from your bank account and put into shops/sellers bank account

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50
Q

Describe the process of phone banking

A

Enter account number
Type PIN
Hear various options
Choose options
- to hear balance
- to pay bill
- to transfer money

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51
Q

Describe the process of Internet banking

A

Logon to secure website
Type username and PIN
All standard services
Apply for loans

52
Q

Advantages of Internet banking

A

More convenient (24/7)
No travel required
Can download data

53
Q

Disadvantages of Internet banking

A

Need computer and connection
More vulnerable to hacking
Some people prefer to speak in person

54
Q

What is ‘EFT’?

A

System that allows money to be transferred digitally from one bank account to another bank account (e.g. when businesses pay their employees salary)

55
Q

What is ‘EFTPOS’?

A

Electronic Fund Transfer at Point-of-sale (when customers pay for goods electronically)

56
Q

What do patient records include?

A

central databases (share data between hospitals/doctors/pharmacies)
instantly updated with latest information
order drugs from pharmacy
retrieve patient records — which contain:
patient ID
personal details
allergies
medical history
current treatment/ medication/ diagnosis
can use tablets/ monitors in patient

57
Q

Patient monitoring

A

computerized monitoring - 27/4
sensor — attached to body
- pulse rate
- temperature
- breathing rate
- blood pressure
data fed to computer which processes
all data logged for later analysis
inputs compared against pre-set ranges (outside range alarms switched on)
data can be seen on central monitor

58
Q

Diagnosis - expert systems

A

computer is “expert”
nurse/doctor inputs symptoms
output is possible diagnoses and treatments

59
Q

How can 3D printers be used in producing medical aids through?

A

– surgical and diagnostic aids
– prosthetics and medical products
– tissue engineering
– artificial blood vessels
– designs of medical tools and equipment

60
Q

Why are computers used in libraries?

A

-> to keep records of books and borrowers.
Every published book has an ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
Libraries usually use direct data entry methods (faster, easier) e.g. barcode reader

61
Q

What are the three types of database in a library?

A
  1. Book database
    Book database may contain:
    - Book ID
    - Book details
    - ISBN
  2. Borrower database
    Borrowers usually given library cards (most have barcode for ease + speed)
    A borrower database might contain:
    - Borrower ID
    - Personal details
    - Contact details
  3. Loans database
    has records added to it when book borrowed
    links records from books database and borrower database
    Loans database would contain
    - Book ID
    - Borrower ID
    - Date of loan
    - Due Date
    Loans database regularly checked for loans that are late
    When late record found, Borrower ID used to link to borrower’s record
    Borrower is sent automatic reminder
62
Q

What are ‘expert systems’?

A

special databases which are designed to mimic the knowledge of a human expert

63
Q

Where are the components of expert systems?

A

Knowledge base: set of rules and facts
- provided by human experts
User interface
- simple to use for non expert
- able to ask questions and get advice
Inference Engine
- searches knowledge base for answers to questions

64
Q

Where are expert systems used?

A

Medical Diagnosis
Geologists
> discovering oil, water, minerals
car mechanical faults
strategy games
> chess
financial advice
biological identification
> e.g. what leaf is this

65
Q

Describe the process of expert systems

A

User interface presents user w/ set of questions relating to problems
User answers questions
Inference data uses rules base to match user’s answers to knowledge base
System diagnoses + treatments

66
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of expert systems

A

ads:
Fewer mistakes
More knowledge (combines knowledge of many)
Cheaper
More consistent answer

disads:
Cannot make judgments
Errors in the rule base can lead to incorrect decisions
Require lots of training

67
Q

What is the use of credit or debit cards to complete transactions?

A

Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

68
Q

Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

A

At an Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS) terminal

69
Q

Explain the process of Electronic Funds Transfer.

Barcode scanner, searched, updated, processes, uses, printed

A

A barcode scanner reads the barcode on the product
The stock database is searched and the matching price is returned
The stock database is updated
The computer processes the bill
The customer uses their card at the EFTPOS terminal to make the purchase (see chip and PIN process)
The receipt is printed

70
Q

What are the outputs of the EFT process?

A

Printing of the receipt and beeping of the speakers when the barcode is scanned

71
Q

List three advantages of EFT to the customer.

A

No need to carry cash
Easy transferral of funds
No chance of being overcharged

72
Q

List three advantages of EFT to the vendor.

A

Reduces paper work
Money is transferred immediately
No risk of cash theft

73
Q

List two disadvantages of EFT to the customer.

A
  1. Some people do not have bank accounts
  2. Risk of card fraud
74
Q

List three disadvantages of EFT to the vendor.

A

Charged a fee by card companies
High cost of initial setup
System failures cause major issues

75
Q

What two technologies does EFTPOS use?

A

Chip and PIN technology and barcode technology

76
Q

Chip and PIN:
The credit or debit card is placed into the chip and PIN terminal, which accesses the ….. and this prompts the user to enter their …..

If the PIN is verified, the transaction is completed.

A

contents of the chip, four digit PIN

77
Q

List three details that a barcode contains about a product.

A

Country of origin
Product code
Manufacturer code

78
Q

Barcodes have a …. to ensure their authenticity.

A

check digit

79
Q

What does ATM stand for?

A

Automatic Teller Machine

80
Q

List three facilities that an ATM offers.

A

Withdrawing of cash
Printing of receipts
Lodging of bank cheques

81
Q

ATMs can be accessed…

A

24/7

82
Q

What technology do ATM machines use?

A

Chip and PIN technology

83
Q

Where can ATMs be found?

A

At bank branches and in shopping centres

84
Q

Name examples of an Expert system

A

Diagnosing a person’s illness
Car fault diagnostics
Prospecting for oil and minerals
Chess games

85
Q

What are the five items need to be filled in to make a payment?

A

Date
Name of person
Amount in Words
Amount in figures
A Signature

86
Q

What does MICR stand for?

A

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

87
Q

What is MICR?

A

Is the process which reads particular data from cheques and inputs it to a computer

88
Q

Three things that are encoded on a cheque

A

Cheque Number
Customer’s account number
Branch sort code

89
Q

What are the advantages of cheques?

A

A large number of cheques can be read very quickly
- The characters are difficult to forge

90
Q

What are the disadvantages of cheques?

A

The equipment is expensive
- Only a very limited number of characters can be used

91
Q

What does ATM stand for?

A

Automatic Teller Machine

92
Q

What do ATM do?

A

Withdraw cash from account
Print a balance
Order a new cheque book
Change their Personal Identity Number (PIN)

93
Q

What is home banking?

A

People manage their financial affairs from home using a website.

94
Q

Home banking allow you to…

A

View a statement
Set up standing orders
Pay bills
Apply for loans

95
Q

Banks need dependable security measures ad some of these measures include…

A

Encrypting Data
Computer programmes monitoring customers spending habits
Not accepting direct emails form customers

96
Q

What is E-commerce?

A

Buying and selling using the internet

97
Q

What are the advantages of E-commerce?

A

The range of goods are very large
No need to travel home will large or heavy goods
Businesses can easily expand their markets

98
Q

What are the disadvantages of E-commerce?

A

There can be a long wait before an item arrives
- You cannot touch or smell the goods you are buying

99
Q

What is Payroll?

A

The wages paid to the employees is known as the payroll

100
Q

What are the Input to Payroll?

A

Database of employees
The number of hours an employee works
Any overtime or time off

101
Q

What are the Output to Payroll?

A

Printes Payslips
- Reports

102
Q

A payroll system is an example of…

A

a batch processing system

103
Q

What are the advantages of Process Control?

A

Little human interaction is needed
The process can continue 24 hrs a day, every day
Safety for workers is improved

104
Q

What are the Disadvantages of Process Control?

A

Expensive equipment and computer hardware needed
- It has created some unemployment

105
Q

What is a robot?

A

Is a machine that can be programmed to perform a sequence of actions.

106
Q

What are bionics?

A

Attempt to link machines to living things, such as giving a person an artificial limb

107
Q

The inputs, which are in hospitals, are from sensors that measure…

A

Pulse Rate
Temperature
Blood Pressure
Blood Gases
Breathing Rate

108
Q

What are the outputs at a hospital?

A

Alarms
Displays
Printers

109
Q

What are the advantages of computer control in hospitals?

A

Automatic Alarm Systems
Reduce chances of Human Error
Frees nursing staff to perform other duties

110
Q

What are the Disadvantages of computer control in hospitals?

A

The initial cost of buying the system

111
Q

What does AI stand for?

A

Artificial Intelligence

112
Q

Give examples of AI Systems

A

Chess Playing Machine
Can read handwriting
Recognise object

113
Q

What is an expert system?

A

That takes the place of a human expert.

114
Q

What are the advantages of expert systems?

A

An expert system should never get facts wrong
- The knowledge in the database can be far more than a human is capable

115
Q

What are the disadvantages of expert systems?

A

Some people may prefer the personal touch rather than dealing with machines
Are expensive

116
Q

Industrial robots carry out…

A

Repetitive, Boring jobs
Dangerous Jobs
Heavy Jobs
High Precision Jobs

117
Q

What is e-Commerce?

A

The buying and selling of goods on the World Wide Web.

118
Q

In e-Commerce, money is transferred via what process?

A

Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

119
Q

In e-Commerce, customers must input what when purchasing an item?

A

A Card Verification Code (CVC)

120
Q

e-Commerce provides an immediate transfer of what?

A

Funds

121
Q

List three advantages of e-Commerce to the customer.

A

Stores are available 24/7
Greater variety of stores with more items available
Elderly and disabled people can have heavy items delivered

122
Q

List two advantages of e-Commerce to the vendor.

A
  1. Their sales can occur 24/7
  2. Checkout operators are not required
123
Q

What is meant by online banking?

A

A service where customers can access their bank account through the bank’s secure website.

124
Q

How do customers log in to online banking?

A

With a username, password and bank verification code.

125
Q

List three things that customers can do using online banking.

A

Customers can:

View recent transactions
Pay bills online
Transfer money

126
Q

List three advantages of online banking to the customer.

A

Available 24/7
Transactions can be completed at home
Faster than face to face

127
Q

List three advantages of online banking to the bank.

A

Fewer branches and staff are required
Electronic statements are used which reduce paper and needs for postage
The bank reaches a larger customer base

ICT Flashcards (11 decks)

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