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Flashcards in 6 Intro to PNS Deck (38)
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1
Q

T/F peripheral nervous sys. is both autonomic and somatic?

A

T.

2
Q

Sympathetics exit the CNS at what levels?

A

T1-L3

3
Q

Parasympathetics exit the CNS at what levels?

A

CN 3,7,9,10 and S2-S4 (sacral)

4
Q

Sympa or Parasympa has which of the following? -myelinated preganglionics -peripheral ganglia -unmyelinated postganglionics -Postganglionic transmission sites are on sm. muscle, gland cells & cardiac muscle

A

Both have all

5
Q

T/F Somatic nervous sys. has ganglia in the periphery?

A

F. (all in CNS)

6
Q

T/F There are unmyelinated somatic nerves?

A

F.

7
Q

The tissues of WHICH system can continue functioning independent of innervation? (autonomic or somatic)

A

autonomic

8
Q

Describe neurotransmitter release & reception

A

Made -> Put in vesicles -> Ca2+ up -> Released-> diffuse ->Hit receptor ->Diffuse or degrade

9
Q

ACh or NE (acetylcholine or norepinephrine) is released by most postganglionic sympathetics?

A

NE. [ACh for all preganglionic & postganglionic parasympa]

10
Q

Which system uses dopamine?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic

11
Q

Name ACh receptor subclasses? (parasympa)

A

Nicotinic: N1 N2 Muscarinic: M1 M2 M3 M4

12
Q

AChE (acetylcholinesterase) does what? Where?

A

destroys ACh at synapses. In body, (plasma, liver, glial cells, satellite cells)

13
Q

Where are the following receptors found? N1

A

N1-sympa, parasympa ganglia [Note N1 is equally sensitive to agonists and antagonists]

14
Q

Name NE (norepinephrine) receptor subclasses? (sympa)

A

-Alpha1 -Alpha2 -Beta1 -Beta2

15
Q

Mechanism, function, location: alpha 1 receptor?

A

-G protein coupled -activates phospholipase C -smooth muscle contract (ex, sweat glands)

16
Q

Mechanism, function, location: alpha 2 receptor?

A

-G protein coupled -inactivates adenylate cyclase -postganglionic sympa terminals & presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals

17
Q

Mechanism, function, location: Beta 1 receptor?

A

-G protein coupled -activates adenylate cyclase -cardiac muscle, presynaptic adrenergic & cholinergic terminals

18
Q

Mechanism, function, location: Beta 2 receptor?

A

-G protein coupled -activates adenylate cyclase -smooth & cardiac muscle

19
Q

Dopamine is used where in the peripheral nervous system? Give 1 example

A

-SOME postganglionic sympathetics -Postjunctional renal vascular sm. muscle

20
Q

Where are the following receptors found? N2

A

N2-neuromuscular junction

21
Q

Where are the following receptors found? M1

A

M1-ganglia, secretory glands

22
Q

Where are the following receptors found? M2

A

M2-smooth & cardiac muscle, sweat glands

23
Q

Where are the following receptors found? M3, M4

A

M3, M4- smooth muscle, secretory glands

24
Q

Sweat glands are special in innervation… why?

A

sympathetic innervation, but 1/2 are ACh (“cholinergic sympathetic” muscarinic receptors), 1/2 are NE. [Know this!]

25
Q

Adrenal medulla innervation is special… why?

A

Modified Sympathetic GANGLIONIC innervation, but use ACh as the neurotransmitter, w/ NO POSTGANGLIONIC fibers.

26
Q

Which 5 body locations have only sympathetics?

A

Blood vessels Sweat glands Liver Spleen Adrenal gland

27
Q

T/F motor axons are myelinated?

A

T

28
Q

All somatic nerves have what kind of neurotransmitter? What kind of receptor?

A

-ACh -Nicotinic

29
Q

ChAT enzyme does what?

A

Combines AcCoa and Choline

30
Q

VAT transporter does what?

A

package ACh in vesicles

31
Q

T/G ACh neurons can stimulate themselves by releasing ACh?

A

T

32
Q

What triggers Ca2+ influx at a nerve terminal?

A

depolarization

33
Q

What kind of machinery causes vesicles to fuse w/ membrane & exocyose their contents?

A

protein-protein interactions

34
Q

In summary where is ACh mostly used?

A

all preganglionic, all postganglionic parasympa, 1/2 of sweat gland sympathetics, all somatic nerves

35
Q

In summary where is NE used?

A

postganglionic sympathetic

36
Q

What is a co-transmitter’s function? (3)

A

-Hasten/slow action of primary neurotransmitter -provide feedback inhibition -main transmitter in non-ACh, non-NE nerves

37
Q

Name the co-transmitters? (8)

A

-purines (adenosine, ATP) -peptides (cholecystokinin, somatostatin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide) -NO (nitric oxide)

38
Q

How does adrenal medulla react when stimulated?

A

chromaffin cells release epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) into blood (80% Epi)