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Anatomy Section 6 > 6 – Pelvic Cavity, Diaphragms, and Perineum > Flashcards

6 – Pelvic Cavity, Diaphragms, and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Perineum:

A

-portion of body wall closing the terminal parts of the digestive and urogenital tracts

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2
Q

Sunken perineum:

A

-over time it sinks in more
-fecal matter can enter
-air can enter as the vulva lips can’t be closed
*tip of vulva lips is below where the pelvic floor is=concave cavity inside where urine pools

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3
Q

Perineum externally: (perineal area or region)

A

-extends from underside of tail to caudal attachment of the mammary gland (female) or scrotum (male)

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4
Q

Perineal body:

A

-decussation of muscles and fascia separating anus and vestibule

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5
Q

Pelvic outlet:

A

-less confined than the inlet
-capacity to further enlarge through the elevation of the tail

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6
Q

What is the function of the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms?

A

-closes the pelvic outlet
-maintains integrity of the perineum
-keeps abdominal viscera in during elimination and parturition

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7
Q

Pelvic diaphragm/triangle:

A

-terminal suspension of anal region (rectum and anus)
-dorsal closure
-primarily musculature=coccygeus & levator ani

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8
Q

Coccygeus:

A

-moves tail L+R or pulls the tail down

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9
Q

Levator ani:

A

-ends around anus
-used to prevent or fix position of anus when increased pressure
-pulls anus back when done defecating
*in dogs and cats it is attached to the tail, but not in larger animals

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10
Q

Levator ani in dogs:

A

-starts on the entire pelvic cavity and wing of ischium

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11
Q

Urogenital diaphragm/triangle:

A

-terminal suspension of vulvar region (vagina and vestibule)
-ventral closure
-primarily fascia
-smooth and striated muscle

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12
Q

Vestibule:

A

-last part of genital tract

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13
Q

Fascia of the urogenital diaphragm:

A

-attaches to ischial arch
-curves dorsally and cranially
-encircles vestibule and fuses with fascia of pelvic diaphragm
-fascia separating rectum and vagina

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14
Q

Ischio-rectal fossa: dog

A

-area occupied by fat between the muscles and parts of skin
*use it to assess body condition of the animal

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15
Q

Ischio-rectal fossa is located between the:

A

-pelvic diaphragm medially
-sacrotuberous ligament laterally
-obturator fascia ventrally

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16
Q

Perineal hernia:

A

-when pelvic viscera escape due to weakness or atrophy of muscles in the pelvic diagram and enter the perineal area

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17
Q

Enlarged prostate in dogs:

A

-presses on rectum
>creates a constant desire to strain
*ribbon poop

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18
Q

Sacrosciatic ligament:

A

*bovine
-broad sheet
-largely fills the space between the lateral border of sacrum and dorsal border of ilium and ischium
-must relax to increase the cavity for parturition

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19
Q

What sits on top of the sacrosciatic ligament?

A

-gluteal muscles
-piriformis
-obturator

20
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament:

A

-rounded cord
-extends between caudolateral angle of sacrum and lateral part of ischial tubuer
*not present in cats

21
Q

Anal canal is surrounded by:

A

-smooth muscle internal sphincter (involuntary)
-skeletal muscle external sphincter (voluntary)

22
Q

Dorsal pelvic cavity contains:

A

-digestive organs
>rectum (connected to body wall via mesorectum)

23
Q

Middle pelvic cavity contains:

A

-reproductive
>uterus and uterine horns (female)
>vas deferens (male)
*held in place by 2 folds coming from the sides and create a shelf

24
Q

What are the 2 folds that create the shelf for the genitalia?

A

-genital fold (male)
-broad ligament (female)

25
Q

Broad ligament:

A

-carries the vessels
-mesometrial attachment (lesser curvature)
-elaborate plexus
-antimesometrial border has relatively few vessels

26
Q

Ventral pelvic cavity contains:

A

-bladder
>connected by 3 ligaments (2 lateral, 1 medial/ventral)

27
Q

Recto-genital pouch:

A

-where the rectum ‘hangs’ in
*extends the furthest back

28
Q

Vesico-genital pouch:

A

-between the genitalia fold and the ‘bladder fold’

29
Q

Vesico-pubic pouch:

A

-space ‘below’ the bladder between it and the ventral wall
*extends the least

30
Q

Intra. Vs. retro peritoneal:

A

-intra: cranial aspect
-retro: caudal 1/3 without peritoneum
>lots of fat in the area

31
Q

What are the nerves of the pelvis?

A

-obturator and sciatic (hindlimb)
-femoral
-pelvic
-pudendal
>deep and superficial perineal
-caudal rectal

32
Q

Bloody supply to the pelvic structures:

A

-small median sacral artery
-larger, paired internal iliac

33
Q

Ovary blood supply:

A

-ovarian artery off aorta
-vein off caudal vena cava

34
Q

Tubular genitalia blood supply:

A

-from internal iliac and internal pudendal
-some species variations
*carnivores only 2 pairs of vessels supply the tubular genitalia
*large animals have 3 pairs of vessels

35
Q

What are the 2 pairs of vessels supply the tubular genitalia in carnivores?

A

-uterine branch of ovarian artery and vein
-uterine branch of vaginal artery and vein

36
Q

What are the 3 pairs of vessels supply the tubular genitalia in large animals?

A

-cranial: uterine branch of ovarian artery and vein (=MOST DRAINAGE)
-middle: uterine artery (=LARGEST) and vein
-caudal: uterine branch of vaginal artery and vein

37
Q

L+R sides of blood supply:

A

-extensive anastomoses

38
Q

What is the direct branch of an umbilical artery that supplies the craniodorsal aspect of the urinary bladder?

A

-cranial vesical artery
*if no patent arteries=round ligament of the bladder

39
Q

Each internal iliac artery ends by dividing into:

A

-caudal gluteal arteries
-internal pudendal arteries

40
Q

What is the vaginal artery in males called?

A

-prostatic artery

41
Q

What is the artery of the clitoris called in males?

A

-artery of the penis

42
Q

What is the artery of the vestibular bulb called in males?

A

-artery of the penile bulb

43
Q

Caudal parts of pelvic cavity blood supply:

A

-branches of internal pudendal and vaginal artery and vein

44
Q

Anatomical relationship of vessels reflects mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy: ruminants

A

-local utero-ovarian pathway
>intimate relationship between ovarian artery and uterine vein

45
Q

Anatomical relationship of vessels reflects mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy: horses

A

-systemic pathway
>no intimate vascular arrangement

46
Q

Anatomical relationship of vessels reflects mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy: pigs

A

-both local and systemic
>intermediate

47
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic cavity?

A

-pudendal nerve
-autonomic S + PS fibers run along with ovarian artery and vein

Anatomy Section 6 (18 decks)

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