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Histology final > 6. SENSORY > Flashcards

6. SENSORY Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

the eye is for ___ & ___

A

sensitivity and acuity

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2
Q

function of the eye

A

capture light
regulate amount of light
transform image into a neural signal
track objects

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3
Q

lenses

A

refract light to focus on retina

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4
Q

retina

A

photosensitive layer

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5
Q

2 components of the retina

A
  1. outer pigment layer (melanin pigment)
  2. inner neural layer (nervous tissue)
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6
Q

2 liquids in the eye used to change density

A

aqueous humor and virteous humor

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7
Q

sclera

A

dense connective tissue capsule
gives eyeball structure
continuous with cornea

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8
Q

what is fovea centralis?

A

sweet spot for vision

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9
Q

ciliary body is composed of ___ and ___

A

ciliary muscle and ciliary process

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10
Q

ciliary body

A

focus of lense (interocular) near or far

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11
Q

limbus

A

transition from scleras to cornea

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12
Q

iris

A

coloured portion
changes pupil size

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13
Q

cornea

A

1st lens
where light enters

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14
Q

pupil

A

opening -light enters here

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15
Q

anterior cavity is composed of ___ and ____

A

anterior chamber and posterior chamber

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16
Q

is the cornea vascularized and keratinazed?

A

no, you would see pink if it was
&
no, there is a living outer layer of cells

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17
Q

sense uryness (in cornea)

A

regulate blinking

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18
Q

microvilli (in cornea) are important for what

A

adhering a tear film

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19
Q

in the cornea where does O2 diffuse from?

A

air or from aqueous humor (simple diffusion)

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20
Q

how does the production and removal of aqueous humor work?

A
  1. aqueous humor is secreted by the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber
  2. aqueous humor moves from the posterior chamber, through the pupil, to the anterior chamber
  3. excess aqueous humor is reabsorbed vis the scleral venous sinus
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21
Q

cillary processes

A

secretory epithelial

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22
Q

what do cillary processes do?

A

vasculatre @ centre collecting fluid secretion

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23
Q

how does the iris operate?

A

like contractile diaphragm

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24
Q

circular muscle (pupil)

A

contracts–> pupil smaller less light
sphicter capillary muscle

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25
what type of control does th circular muscle in the iris have?
parasympathetic control
26
what are ciliary processes composed of?
pigement epithelial inside non pigment epithelial outside
27
what are radial muscles made of?
myoepithelial cells
28
what type of control do radial muscle cells in the iris have?
sympathetic control (fight or flight reponse)
29
what does the radial muscle do?
dialates --> increases pupil size more light
30
pigment epithelial
melonin blocking light
31
intraocular lens shape
biconvex
32
is the intraocular lens vascularized?
no it is avascular
33
intraocular lens function
transparet light can pass through
34
lens capsule
thick homogenous external lamina
35
what does lens epithelium rise to?
cells forming lens fibres (cells of lower layers- new cells on top) proliferation occurs on sides
36
differentiating lens fibers
crystaline deposits of hexagonal arrays
37
mature lens fibers
fibres more densly packed
38
what doe mature lens fibres give rise to?
transparent property of structure
39
what side of the lens is lens epithelium?
anterior side
40
cataracts
clouding of lens
41
why do cataracts occur?
protein gets old (degredation of lens protein)
42
what are the results of cataracts?
deterioration of image quality
43
what is flattened lense for?
for distance vision (focusing on objects in the distance)
44
in flattened lense cillary muscle is ___ and zonule fibres are ____
relaxed and stretched
45
what are rounded lens for?
close/near vision
46
in rounded lense cillary muscle is ___ and zonule fibres are ____
contracted & relaxed
47
2 important components of the retina
photosensitive (neural retina) nonphotosensitive (pigment layer)
48
what is fovea centralis associated with?
high resolution colour vision
49
what is choroid?
pigment layer
50
what does choroid do?
nutrients diffuse into retina from blood vessels (o2 demainding tissue)
51
types of cells in the retina
pigment cells (RPE) photoreceptros (R and C) conducting neurons (B and G) association neurons (H and A) supporting glial cells ( M)
52
pigment cells
barrier between choroid and nervous tissue
53
photoreceptors
rods - sensitivity to light cones- colour detection
54
conducting neurons
bipolar neurons-- ganglion
55
association neurons
horizontal neurons and amacrine neurons help integrate signal and modulate information
56
supporting glial cells
support cells in retina, extend cell layers
57
layers of the retina
1. inner limiting layer 2. nerve fiber layer 3. ganglionic layer 4. inner plexiform layer 5. inner nuclear layer 6. outer plexiform layer 7. outer limiting layer 8. rod and con layer 9. non-neural pigmented layer
58
inner limiting layer
top layer of retina
59
nerve fiber layer
ganglion cells bundled together to form optic nerve
60
inner plexiform layer
cell processes
61
inner nuclear layer
nuclei of bipolar neurons mainly
62
outer plexiform layer
neuronal processes, no nuclei present
63
outer nuclear layer
rod and cone cell bodies (nuclei)
64
outer limiting layer
limit of muller cell processes
65
rod and cone layer
photo receptor
66
non-neural pigmented layer
retinal pigmented epithelial
67
what are rods important for?
night vision
68
what are the 3 types of cones?
red, blue and green
69
what pigment is in rod vs cone?
rod- rhodopsin con- iodopsin
70
tarsal gland acini
holocrine secretion sebaceous (Oily)
71
what is the oil that the tarsal gland acini secretes for?
lubrication helping reduce evaporation
72
lacrimal gland
tear glands- watery secretion
73
what are lacrimal glands for?
rinsing eye, nourishing corneal cells and lubricating the eye
74
what type of cells are lacrimal glands
myoepithelial cells

Histology final (13 decks)

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