60-111

Question 1

Coined the termed “chemotherapy” and was among the first scientists who searched for the magicbullet

Answer 1

Paul ehrlich

Question 2

Bacterium that can be used as an agricultural pest control

Answer 2

Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 3

Collective term for microbes on and inside human bodies

Answer 3

Normal microbiota

Question 4

Term for new or changing diseases that are increasing or have the potential to increase in incidence in the near future

Answer 4

Emerging infectious diseases

Question 5

Avian influenza A

Answer 5

H5N1 virus

Question 6

Example of bioremediation

Answer 6

Application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill

Question 7

Cause of Lyme disease

Answer 7

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 8

Method used to identify bacteria in a sample without culturing the bacteria

Answer 8

Flow cytometry

Question 9

A reference for the taxonomic classification scheme for prokaryotes

Answer 9

Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology

Question 10

A reference for the identification of bacteria based on criteria, such as, morphology, cell wall composition, oxygen requirements

Answer 10

Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology

Question 11

Founder of the five kingdom system where the prokaryotes were placed in kingdom prokaryotae and eucaryotes comprised the other four kingdoms

Answer 11

Robert whittaker

Question 12

True about viruses

Answer 12

Has a single type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
Multiply only inside living host cells
Considered obligate intracellular parasites
Contains a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid

Question 13

Protein coat that protects the nucleic acid of a virus

Answer 13

Capsid

Question 14

Occurrence of inflammation

Answer 14

Tissue response
Phagocyte migration
Tissue repair
Vasodilation

Question 15

Increase in abnormally high body temperature or fever

Answer 15

Endotoxins
Lipopolysaccharides
Interleukin-1
TNF-alpha

Question 16

Rna viruses

Answer 16

HIV
FLU VIRUS
RABIES
EBOLA VIRUS

Question 17

Dna viruses

Answer 17

Shingles virus
HBV
HSV 1
HSV 2

Question 18

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions that occur immediately upon re-exposure of a sensitized individual to an antigen

Answer 18

Anaphylactic reaction

Question 19

Hemolytic disease of the newborn will occur in this condition

Answer 19

Second or higher pregnancy of sensitized Rh(-) mother, rh(+) baby with an rh(+) father

Question 20

True about immunosuppressants

Answer 20

Suppress normal immune response against transplant
Include cyclosporine
Blocks secretion of interleukin 2 to disrupt cell-mediated immune response
Include monoclonal antibodies

Question 21

Human immunodeficiency virus targets

Answer 21

CD4+ T helper cell

Question 22

Condition where antibodies cause antigens to clump together

Answer 22

Agglutination

Question 23

Immune response that defends the body against fungi, parasites, cancer and transplants

Answer 23

Cell mediate

Question 24

A nosocomial pathogen that normally inhabits the skin and commonly contaminates prosthetic devices such as, catheters and heart valves, leading to symptomatic microbemia

Answer 24

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 25

What is included in the indicator system of a complement fixation test

Answer 25

RBC and hemolysin

Question 26

In malaria, the form of plasmodia that is transmitted from mosquito to human is the

Answer 26

Sporozoite

Question 27

Biological vector

Answer 27

Anopheles mosquitoe

Question 28

In the host-parasite relationship, the mosquito vector of plasmodium sp acts as the

Answer 28

Definitive host

Question 29

Resistance to antimicrobial drugs

Answer 29

Resistance to chloramphenicol is due to an enzyme that acetylates the drug Resistance to penicillin is due to reduced affinity of transpeptidases Resistance to tetracyclineid

Question 30

Mechanism of antibiotic resistance

Answer 30

Preventing the entry of the drug to the target site within the microbial cell Alteration of the drug's target site Inactivation of the drug by microbial enzymes Mutation of the bacteria due to antibiotic misuse

Question 31

Common cause of nosocomial infection

Answer 31

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 32

Preventing the spread of nosocomial infections

Answer 32

Handwashing

Question 33

Emerging infectious diseases starting year 2000

Answer 33

H1N1 influenza Anthrax Chaga's disease Whooping cough

Question 34

Emerging infectious diseases can be due to

Answer 34

Climatic changes

Question 35

Continuous source of the disease organism is known as the

Answer 35

Reservoir of infection

Question 36

The interval between initial infection and the first appearance of any signs or symptoms is known as

Answer 36

Incubation period

Question 37

Time period that the person regains strength from infection and the body returns to its pre-diseased state

Answer 37

Period of illness

Question 38

A relatively short period in the occurrence of disease characterized by early mild symptoms of the disease, such as, body ache, headache, and malaise

Answer 38

Prodromal period

Question 39

Rabies virus is transmitted to humans through

Answer 39

Direct contact transmission

Question 40

Congenital infection, like rubella, occurs as a result of

Answer 40

Transplacental spread of virus and growth in the fetus

Question 41

An enzyme produced by virulent bacteria to promote the spread of the bacteria to the host and otherwise known as the spreading factor

Answer 41

Hyaluronidase

Question 42

Hemolysins can lyse red blood cells

Answer 42

Alpha-hemolysin produces greenish ring around bacterial colonies on blood agar plate Beta-hemolysin produces clear ring around colonies on blood agar plate Gamma-hemolysin produces no visible change in color around colonies on blood agar plate Streptococcus pyogenes has beta-hemolysin

Question 43

Exotoxins can lead to

Answer 43

Tetanus Diphtheria Botulism Cholera

Question 44

Botulinum toxin is classified as a

Answer 44

Neurotoxin

Question 45

Endotoxin or the lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide is called the

Answer 45

Lipid A

Question 46

Life threatening decrease in blood pressure caused by bacteria is referred to as

Answer 46

Septic shock

Question 47

Endotoxin producing bacterium

Answer 47

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 48

Inclusion bodies produced by rabies virus

Answer 48

Negri bodies

Question 49

Term for the characteristic of the disease that can be observed by examining the patient

Answer 49

Sign

Question 50

Can be observed or felt only by the patient

Answer 50

Symptoms

Question 51

Combination of signs and symptoms that occur together and indicate a larticular disease

Answer 51

Syndrome