Subjunctive Flashcards
What are the present subjunctive endings?
Exchange the normal present indicative endings for as follows : E/I=A, A=E or I. Take the first person present indicative as the stem
What happens to radical-changing verbs in the present subjunctive?
- Verbs that have only one change in the present indicative have the same change in the present subjunctive.
- Verbs that have the additional e-i and o-u change also have this change in the 1st and 2nd person plurals.
- ir verbs like pedir, which have the e-i change retain it in all 6 parts.
What happens to irregular verbs in the present subjunctive?
Since the first person present indicative is the stem for almost all P.Ss those with an irregularity carry it through into this tense. E.g Poner (Pongo)- Ponga, pongas, ponga, pongamos, pongáis, pongan.
Conjugate four irregular verbs in the present subjunctive.
Caiga... (fall) Haga... (do/make) Salga...(go out/leave) Traiga...(bring) Valga...(be worth) Diga...(to say) Oiga...(to hear) Tenga...(have) Venga...(come)
What happens to verbs that have the infinitive endings of -ecer, -ocer, -ucir and their first person singular stem ends in -zc?
They retain the -zc throughout.
E.g. Conduzcan (Leave/Drive)
Conozca (Know)
Parezca (Seem)
What happens to stems ending in -c, -z, -g, -gu?
There is a spelling change. E.g. Coger - Coja (To catch) Sacar- Saque (To take out) Seguir- Siga (To follow)
Which verbs have totally irregular stems? (5)
Ser- Sea... Caber- Quepa...(To fit) Haber- Haya... Ir- Vaya... Saber-Sepa...
Three expressions of doubt?
Dudo que…
Es dudoso que…
Parece dudoso que…
Resulta dudoso que… It turns out (to be) doubtful that
Temer que… To be afraid that
Esperar que…
Three statements of possibility and likelihood?
Es posible que….
Es probable que….
Puede (ser) que…(It may be that)
What are conjunctions of futurity?
Name three
They refer to actions which have not yet taken place but may (or may not) take place in the future. Cuando... Hasta que...(Until) Después de que...(After) Una vez que... (Once)
Name three conjunctions that require the subjunctive.
Antes de que… (before)
Con tal que…(provided that)
a menos que…(unless)
Sin que (without)
Two expressions with ‘whatever’ and ‘however’.
Sea como sea… Whatever it is
Sea lo que sea…Be that as it may
Digan lo que digan…Whatever they (may)say
Hagamos lo que hagamos… Whatever we do/do as we may
How is the imperfect subjunctive formed?
The stem is the third person plural of the preterite (Ellos)+ past subjunctive endings
Past subjunctive endings= Ar- ara, aras, ara, áramos, aran
= Ir- iera,ieras, iera, iéramos, ieran
Conjugate the verbs that you are likely to use in the imperfect subjunctive.
Estuviera (Estar) Fuera (Ser) Tuviera (tener) Pudiera (Poder) Supiera (Saber)
What is the si clause?
And give an example sentence.
Si + past imperfect subjunctive= conditional
