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AP Biology > Vascular Plant Transport > Flashcards

Vascular Plant Transport Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Receptor Proteins in the membrane would be likely to affect osmosis in plants?

A

False

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2
Q

True or False: Active transport involves slow movement through the lipid bilayer of a membrane?

A

False

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3
Q

True or False: Transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires Xylem Membranes?

A

False

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4
Q

Flow of water out of a cell and flow of water between cells is an example of?

A

Osmosis

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5
Q

The amount and direction of movement of water in plants can always be predicted by measuring what?

A

Water Potential

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6
Q

True or False: The water potential of a plant cell is equal to zero when the cell is in pure water and is turgid.

A

True

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7
Q

The water potential of pure water is?

A

Zero

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8
Q

Air pressure, water-attracting molecules, and dissolved solutes all affect what in plants?

A

Water Potential

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9
Q

If Wp = -.3 and Ws = -.45 the W=?

A

-.15

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10
Q

If Root Tissue (W=-.15) is put in a solution of sucrose (W=-.23) net water would flow?

A

From the tissue into the sucrose

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11
Q

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell with many aquaporins will..

A

have a faster rate of osmosis

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12
Q

What cell structure goes AGAINST the idea that a plant is a single unit, not a composite of many individual cells?

A

Tonoplast

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13
Q

True or False: Bulk flow depends on the force of gravity on a column of water

A

False

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14
Q

True or False: The Xylem transports mainly sugars and amino acids.

A

False

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15
Q

True or False: The endodermis does not contribute to the surface area avaliable for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?

A

True

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16
Q

Root hairs are most important to a plant because they…

A

increase the surface area for absorption

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17
Q

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

A

To acquire minerals from the soil

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18
Q

In plant roots, what does the Casparian Strip do?

A

It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell before entering the stele.

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19
Q

True or False: The endodermis Casparian Strip is an important component of the long distance transport process in plants

A

False

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20
Q

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than those grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected because?

A

The normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil AND water/mineral uptake is faster when mycorrihizae are present.

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21
Q

If a water molecule moved all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once, which structure would this living cell belong to?

A

The Endodermis

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22
Q

Concentration of ions in the symplast depend on what?

A

Direct expenditure of ATP by the plant

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23
Q

What is the main cause of guttation in plants?

A

Root Pressure

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24
Q

One is more likely to see guttation in small plants when the…

A

Root Pressure exceeds transpiration pull

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25
Q

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of the tree?

A

Evaporation of water through stoma

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26
Q

In which plant cell/tissue would the PRESSURE component of water potential most often be negative?

A

Stem Xylem

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27
Q

Water potential is generally most negative in which part of a plant?

A

Mesophyll Cells of the Leaf

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28
Q

Leaf Air Spaces have what kind of water potential?

A

Low or Negative

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29
Q

What is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule

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30
Q

True or False: Transpiration in plants requires active transport through xylem cells

A

False

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31
Q

In what type of plant tissue type is active transport least important?

A

Stem Xylem

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32
Q

What is an advantage of tracheids over vessels for long-distance transport to great heights?

A

Adhesive forces are prportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cyclinders AND Cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height.

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33
Q

What do guard cells do?

A

Help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise

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34
Q

True or False: Carbon Dioxide enters the plant through the roots

A

False

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35
Q

Photosynthesis declines when leaves wilt because..

A

Stomata close, preventing CO2 entry into the leaf

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36
Q

Plants derive benefit from water loss during transpiration what form?

A

Evaporative cooling AND mineral transport

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37
Q

What kind of day would result in the fastest delivery of water and minerals to the leaves of a tree?

A

Warm, Dry Day

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38
Q

True or False: If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells in a plant are deficient in potassium ions, Leaf temperatures will decrease

A

False

39
Q

What procedure would likely reduce transpiration while allowing normal growth of a plant?

A

increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant

40
Q

Why is the fact that guard cells are the only cells in the epidermis that contain chloroplasts and can undergo photosynthesis important?

A

ATP is required to power proton pumps in the guard cell membranes

41
Q

True or False: Receptor Proteins in the membrane would be likely to affect osmosis in plants?

A

False

42
Q

True or False: Active transport involves slow movement through the lipid bilayer of a membrane?

A

False

43
Q

True or False: Transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires Xylem Membranes?

A

False

44
Q

Flow of water out of a cell and flow of water between cells is an example of?

A

Osmosis

45
Q

The amount and direction of movement of water in plants can always be predicted by measuring what?

A

Water Potential

46
Q

True or False: The water potential of a plant cell is equal to zero when the cell is in pure water and is turgid.

A

True

47
Q

The water potential of pure water is?

A

Zero

48
Q

Air pressure, water-attracting molecules, and dissolved solutes all affect what in plants?

A

Water Potential

49
Q

If Wp = -.3 and Ws = -.45 the W=?

A

-.15

50
Q

If Root Tissue (W=-.15) is put in a solution of sucrose (W=-.23) net water would flow?

A

From the tissue into the sucrose

51
Q

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell with many aquaporins will..

A

have a faster rate of osmosis

52
Q

What cell structure goes AGAINST the idea that a plant is a single unit, not a composite of many individual cells?

A

Tonoplast

53
Q

True or False: Bulk flow depends on the force of gravity on a column of water

A

False

54
Q

True or False: The Xylem transports mainly sugars and amino acids.

A

False

55
Q

True or False: The endodermis does not contribute to the surface area avaliable for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?

A

True

56
Q

Root hairs are most important to a plant because they…

A

increase the surface area for absorption

57
Q

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

A

To acquire minerals from the soil

58
Q

In plant roots, what does the Casparian Strip do?

A

It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell before entering the stele.

59
Q

True or False: The endodermis Casparian Strip is an important component of the long distance transport process in plants

A

False

60
Q

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than those grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected because?

A

The normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil AND water/mineral uptake is faster when mycorrihizae are present.

61
Q

If a water molecule moved all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once, which structure would this living cell belong to?

A

The Endodermis

62
Q

Concentration of ions in the symplast depend on what?

A

Direct expenditure of ATP by the plant

63
Q

What is the main cause of guttation in plants?

A

Root Pressure

64
Q

One is more likely to see guttation in small plants when the…

A

Root Pressure exceeds transpiration pull

65
Q

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of the tree?

A

Evaporation of water through stoma

66
Q

In which plant cell/tissue would the PRESSURE component of water potential most often be negative?

A

Stem Xylem

67
Q

Water potential is generally most negative in which part of a plant?

A

Mesophyll Cells of the Leaf

68
Q

Leaf Air Spaces have what kind of water potential?

A

Low or Negative

69
Q

What is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule

70
Q

True or False: Transpiration in plants requires active transport through xylem cells

A

False

71
Q

In what type of plant tissue type is active transport least important?

A

Stem Xylem

72
Q

What is an advantage of tracheids over vessels for long-distance transport to great heights?

A

Adhesive forces are prportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cyclinders AND Cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height.

73
Q

What do guard cells do?

A

Help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise

74
Q

True or False: Carbon Dioxide enters the plant through the roots

A

False

75
Q

Photosynthesis declines when leaves wilt because..

A

Stomata close, preventing CO2 entry into the leaf

76
Q

Plants derive benefit from water loss during transpiration what form?

A

Evaporative cooling AND mineral transport

77
Q

What kind of day would result in the fastest delivery of water and minerals to the leaves of a tree?

A

Warm, Dry Day

78
Q

True or False: If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells in a plant are deficient in potassium ions, Leaf temperatures will decrease

A

False

79
Q

What procedure would likely reduce transpiration while allowing normal growth of a plant?

A

increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant

80
Q

Why is the fact that guard cells are the only cells in the epidermis that contain chloroplasts and can undergo photosynthesis important?

A

ATP is required to power proton pumps in the guard cell membranes

81
Q

True or False: Transpiration is an adaptation that helps reduce water loss from a plant

A

False

82
Q

Phloem transport of sucrose can be described as going from “source to sink.” What plant type would NOT normally function as a sink?

A

Mature leaf

83
Q

True or False: Sugar movement in the phloem can occur both upward and downward in the plant

A

True

84
Q

Phloem transports _____ from the _______ to the _______ sink

A

sugars – leaf – apical meristem

85
Q

What are the first three events that explain the mass flow of materials in the phloem?

A

1- leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthese
2- sugar is transported cell to cell in the leaf
3 - Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes

86
Q

Why does water flow into the source end of a sieve-tube?

A

Sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic

87
Q

True or False: Companion Cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap

A

False

88
Q

What does the Pressure Flow Hypothesis of Phloem Transport say?

A

Solute moves from a HIGH concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the “sink”

89
Q

Give an example of a symbiotic relationship.

A

Mycorrhizae

90
Q

What increases the surface area of roots?

A

Root Hairs and Mycorrihizae

91
Q

In roots, the _______ forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of ______ cells before entering the ______.

A

Casparian Strip – Endodermis – Xylem

92
Q

Sugar moves from leaves into the ___ of ___ by _____

A

sieve-tube members – phloem – active transport

93
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

The water pressure that pulses water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink

AP Biology (2 decks)

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