HIV II

Question 1

In pregnant women, when are the conditions that could lead to vertical transmission of HIV?

Answer 1

In the third trimester, during the birth process, breast feeding and mixed feeding

Question 2

Define primary and secondary prophylaxis

Answer 2

Primary prophylaxis: Measures to prevent infection

Secondary infection: Measures to maintain treatment and avoid recurrence of infection

Question 3

Where is the most common site of CMV infection for patients with HIV?

Answer 3

eyes

Question 4

Which virus cause Kaposi’s Sarcoma and which virus cause Lymphoma?

Answer 4

Kaposi’s Sarcoma is caused by HHV8 whereas Lymphomas are caused by EBV.

Question 5

MAC infection in HIV patients is highly likely if CD4 count is below?

Answer 5

CD4 < 50

Question 6

What can improve outcome of MAC

Answer 6

HAART, Macrolides and quinolones

Question 7

What are the side effects of HAART?

Answer 7

1. Mitochondrial toxicity: Pancreatis, Myopathy, Neuropathy

2. Interactions with cytochrome P450: Insulin resistance, drug interactions

Question 8

Which virus is associated with “Hairy Leukoplakia”? What is hairy leukoplakia?

Answer 8

EBV. They present as white patches on the tongue or in the mucosa surfaces of the mouth. (Looks similar to oral thrush, except it cannot be dislodged/removed).
Mostly seen in HIV patients or the severely immunocompromised patients.

Question 9

What is the duration of the seroconversion for HIV?

Answer 9

2 - 6 weeks after exposure