Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Autonomic Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol

A

Direct cholinergic agonist

Use: Postop ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention (“activate bowel and bladder”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbachol

A

Direct cholinergic agonist

Use: Glaucoma, pupillary contraction, relief intraocular pressure

“Carbon copy of acetylCHOLine”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Direct cholinergic agonist
Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle), pupillary sphincter (closed angle), resistant to AChE

Use: open-angle and closed-angle; diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

Potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva
“cry, drool, sweat on your pillow”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methacholine

A

Direct cholinergic agonist
Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway (sensitive to AChE)

Use: challenge test for asthma diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase, No CNS penetration

Use: postop/neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase, does not cross BBB, long acting

Use: Myasthenia gravis

“gets RID of MG”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Edrophonium

A

Anticholinesterase, extremely short acting

Use: Diagnosis for myasthenia gravis

“the phony one”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase, cross BBB -> CNS

Use: Atropine overdose

“fixes atropine”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Donepezil

A

Anticholinesterase

Use: Alzheimer’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Echothiophate

A

Anticholinesterase, irreversible

Use: glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parathion, Nerve gas

A

Organophosphates (in farmers)
Irreversibly inhibit AChE

Toxicity: DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Excitation of skeletal and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweat, Salivation

Antidote: atropine + pralidoxime (regenerates active AChE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tropicamide
Homatropine
Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Use: Parkinson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Use: Motion sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ipratropium

Tiotropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Use: COPD, asthma
“I pray I can breathe soon”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Oxybutynin

Tolterodine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Use: mild cystitis; reduce bladder spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Use: parenteral; preop to reduce airway;
oral: drooling, peptic ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What to watch out for when using muscarinic agonists and antagonists

A

Agonists: COPD, asthma, peptic ulcers
Antagonists: BPH, closed angle glaucoma, dry mouth (acute suppurative parotitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Use: bradycardia, opthalmic applications
Increase pupil dilation, cycloplegia; decrease respiratory secretions; decrease acid secretion; decrease gut motility
decrease urgency in cystitis

Toxicity:

  • Hot as a hare (increased temperature from decreased sweating)
  • Dry as a bone (dry mouth)
  • Red as a beet (dry, flushed skin)
  • Blind as a bat (cycloplegia, pupil dilation)
  • Mad as a hatter (disorientation)

Can cause acute angle-closure glaucoma, urinary retention in men with BPH, and hyperthermia in infants

Can look similar to CNS stimulant overdose except for no sweating

20
Q

Jimson weed (Datura)

A

Mydriasis due to plant alkaloids

Garderner’s pupil

21
Q

Epinephrine

A

Direct sympathomimetic
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2

Use: asthma, anaphylaxis, hypotension, open-angle glaucoma

22
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Direct sympathomimetic
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, (weak Beta 1)

Use: hypotension (decreases renal perfusion)

23
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Direct sympathomimetic
Beta 1, Beta 2

Use: bradyarrhythmias (can worsen ischemia); torsades de pointes (tachycardia decreases QT interval)

24
Q

Dopamine

A

Sympathomimetic
Low dose: D1
Medium dose: Beta 1, Beta 2
High dose: Alpha 1, Alpha 2

Use: shock (renal perfusion), heart failure, inotropic and chronotropic

25
Q

Dobutamine

A 
Sympathomimetic
Beta 1 (weak alpha and beta 2)

Use: heart failure, cardiac stress testing; inotropic and chronotropic

26
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
Alpha 1, Alpha 2

Use: hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures (mydraitic), rhinitis (decongestant)

27
Q

Albuterol
Salmeterol
Metaproterenol

A

Sympathomimetics
Beta 2, Beta 1

Use:
metaproterenol and albuterol: acute asthma
salmeterol: long term asthma/COPD control

28
Q

Terbutaline

A

Sympathomimetic
Beta 2, beta1

Use: reduce premature uterine contractions
(can cause increased neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, hypocalecemia)

29
Q

Ritodrine

A

Sympathomimetic
Beta 2

Use: reduce premature uterine contractions

30
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic
Releases stored catecholamines

Use: ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity

31
Q

Ephedrine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic
Releases stored catecholamines

Use: nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

32
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic
Inhibits reuptake

Causes vasoconstriction (alpha 1 receptors), increased heart rate (beta 1 receptors), local anesthesia.

Never give beta-blockers if cocaine is suspected (can lead to unopposed alpha 1 activation) - extreme hypertension

33
Q

Compare activity between NE and isoproterenol

A

NE: primarily alpha effect
-> alpha 1 vasoconstriction -> increase systolic and diastolic pressures -> decrease heart rate

Isoproterenol: primarily beta effect
-> beta 2 vasodilation -> decrease mean arterial pressure -> increase heart rate

34
Q

Clonidine

Alpha-methyldopa

A

Centrally acting alpha2 agonists
Decrease central sympathetic outflow

Use: hypertension, especially with renal disease (no decrease in blood flow to kidneys); pregnancy

35
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha-blocker, irreversible

Use: pheochromocytoma (before removing tumor; high level will not overcome blockage)

Tox: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

36
Q

Phentolamine

A

Alpha blocker, reversible

Use: patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine-containing food

37
Q

Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin

A

Alpha 1 selective blocker

Use: Hypertension, urinary retention in BPH

Tox: 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

38
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Alpha 2 selective blocker

Use: depression

Tox: sedation, increase cholesterol, increase appetite

39
Q

What happens when you give alpha blocker to epinephrine vs phenylephrine

A

Epinephrine:

before: increased blood pressure
after: decreased blood pressure (unopposed beta 2 vasodilation)

Phenylephrine:

before: increased blood pressure
after: no effect (alpha is blocked)

40
Q

Beta-blockers uses

A
  1. Angina pectoris (decrease O2 consumption by decreasing HR and contractility)
  2. MI (decrease mortality)
  3. SVT (metoprolol, esmolol) - decrease AV conduction velocity (class II antiarrhythmic)
  4. hypertension (decrease CO, decrease renin secretion (beta-1 receptor blockade)
  5. CHF (slows chronic failure progression, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy)
  6. Glaucoma timolol (decreases secretion of aqueous humor)
41
Q

Beta-blocker toxicity

A

impotence
exacerbation of asthma
cardiovascular adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF)
CNS (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations)

use in caution with diabetics

42
Q

Acebutolol

Pindolol

A

Partial Beta-Agonists

contraindicated in angina

43
Q

Carvedilol

Labetalol

A

Non selective (vasodilatory) alpha and beta-antagonists

44
Q 
Betaxolol
Esmolol (short acting)
Atenolol
Metoprolol
(Acebutolol)
A

Beta 1 blockers

Use: patients with comorbid pulmonary disease

45
Q

Propanolol
Nadolol
Timolol
(Pindolol)

A

Nonselective antagonists (beta 1 = beta 2)

Pharmacology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions