Urbanisation Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
Growth of people living in urban(city) areas.
What is rural-urban migration?
Movement of people from the countryside to the cities.
Why do people in poorer countries move to the cities?
Shortage of services (schools access to water etc) in rural areas.
More jobs in urban areas, as there is a larger workforce and infrastructure.
Why do people in richer countries move to the cities?
Move for work, as cities became industrialised and machines replaced farm hands.
Left cities due to run down nature. Now they are being redeveloped so attracting back.
What are some other reasons for moving to cities?
Young move to cities for work. They have children here, so population increases.
Also better healthcare meaning they live longer.
What are the four main parts of a city?
CBD
Inner city
Suburbs
Rural urban fringe
Describe the CBD
Commercial centre of the city or town. Shops and offices. Where transport routes meet. High land values due to competition. Buildings are tall and dense.
Pedestrianised to increase visitors.
Halifax has west gate as an example.
Has different zones i.e. Theatre zone.
Describe the inner city
Grew at the start of the industrial revolution. Factories and industry built here. River provides energy and water for industry.
Terraced houses built quickly and easily. E.g. Kings cross.
Low order stores here.
High density housing and streets in grid iron pattern.
Many areas redeveloped industrial buildings. Brownfield sites.
Describe the suburbs.
Came with the development of cars and those who could afford could move away from the polluted inner city and live better.
Semi detached houses with gardens and garages. Pavements bigger.
Lower housing density.
Bus routes meant poorer people could be rehoused to council estates in the suburbs. Ie Copley.
Describe the rural urban fringe
Where the urban area meets the countryside.
Need panning permission to build. Protected by green belt policy.
Golf courses.
Conflicts between industry, farmers and homeowners.
Ie barkisland
Outline some problems and solution for Halifax CBD
Car parking Broad street
Anti social behaviour Street angels
White rose shopping centre
Pedestrianise broad street
Decreasing numbers
Attract high order shops new bus and rail station, greenery, services
Congestion One way system and bus lanes
Name a variety of solutions to reduce traffic
Improve public transport and links
Increase car parking charges in cities to discourage use.
Bus priority lanes to speed up bus journeys and encourage their use.
Pedestrianisation. Reduces traffic and makes more attractive.
What are some reasons for ethnic segregation?
People prefer to live with others of the same background and language
People live near important services ie religious buildings and so group together
Ethnic backgrounds are often restricted for choice due to money issues.
What are some ways to support local ethnic minorities?
Print leaflets of services in variety of languages.
Involving leaders of ethnic communities in important local decisions.
Interpreters at police stations and hospitals.
Suitable services for religions.
What is a squatter settlement?
Settlements built illegally around he city generally in poorer areas.
Badly built and overcrowded. No running water or electricity supply.
Favelas in Brazil.
