U4P1 Flashcards

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1
Q

age of the earth

A

4.5 billion years old

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2
Q

Darwin observed

A

different species of finches observed came from Galapagos Islands and shared common ancestor

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3
Q

adaptation

A

process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment

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4
Q

descent with modification

A

occurs because of natural selection

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5
Q

natural selection

A

process by which organism with traits more suitable survives and reproduces more successfully

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6
Q

parts of natural selection

A

overproduction, genetic variation, struggle to survive, differential reproduction

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7
Q

how do populations of same species living in different places adapt in relation to one another

A

adapt to different things due to differing environments

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8
Q

three vestigial structures in humans

A

tailbone, appendix, Darwin’s point

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9
Q

occurrence of same of very similar amino acid sequence for a protein in a group of species

A

provides evidence that these species share a common ancestor

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10
Q

do acquired characteristics provide evidence for evolution

A

no, acquired characteristics are not inherited

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11
Q

natural selection acts on

A

phenotypes

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12
Q

gene flow

A

movement of alleles into or out of a population

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13
Q

3 things needed for evolution to take place

A

genetic drift, gene flow, mutations, nonrandom mating, natural selection

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14
Q

genetic drift

A

random change in allele frequency in a population

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15
Q

gene flow

A

movement of genes into or out of a population due to interbreeding

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16
Q

mutations

A

change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule

17
Q

nonrandom mating

A

when individuals prefer mates with particular superior physical characteristics

18
Q

natural selection

A

process by which individuals that are better suited for their environment survive and reproduce more frequently than those that are not

19
Q

since natural resources are limited

A

all organisms must compete

20
Q

analogous structure

A

structure that evolves independently but serves the same function

21
Q

what may cause variation in genotype

A

mutations, genetic recombination, independent assortment, environment

22
Q

what kind of population is most fit

A

large

23
Q

why has DDT become useless

A

natural selection acted on those without the DDT resistant gene and DDT resistant have survived and reproduced more frequently

24
Q

natural selection is the…

A

largest and most influential force driving evolution

25
Q

sexual selection

A

occurs when a mate chooses a sexual partner based on some trait

26
Q

emigration

A

organisms move out of an area, causes gene flow

27
Q

immigration

A

organisms moving into an area, causes gene flow