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BIOL205 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the cutaneous membrane?

A

The epidermis and the dermis

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2
Q

What makes up the dermis?

A

The papillary layer and the reticular layer

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3
Q

What are the three layers of skin?

A

The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

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4
Q

What are the two major components of the integumentary system?

A

the cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

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5
Q

What are some of the accessory structures found in the integumentary system?

A
  1. hair shaft 2. pore of sweat gland duct 3. tactile (meissner’s corpuscle) 4. sebaceous gland 5. arrector pili muscle 6. sweat gland duct 7. hair follicle 8. lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles 9. nerve fibers 10. sweat glands
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6
Q

What are different types of sensory receptors found in the integumentary system?

A

Merkel discs (touch) free nerve endings (detect many stimuli) Meissner corpuscles (touch) hair root plexuses (touch) Pacinian corpuscles (pressure)

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7
Q

The dermis is made up of what two kinds of connective tissue?

A

areolar dense irregular

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8
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer? (aka hypodermis)

A

attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs

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9
Q

What are lines of cleavage?

A

Collagen and elastin that run in parallel bundles across the body and are arranged to resist stretch during movement

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10
Q

What are some characteristics of hair?

A

-Present on most surfaces except the palms, anterior surfaces of fingers, and the soles of the feet. -Composed of dead, keratinized epidermal cells. -Genetics determines thickness and distribution.

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11
Q

What does hair do for the body?

A

Hair helps with touch sensations and protects the body against the harmful effects of the sun and against heat loss

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12
Q

Hair and skin color is determined by the amount and type of _____

A

melanin

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13
Q

What are the two variations of melanin?

A

-Eumelanin (brown to black) -Pheomelanin (yellow to red)

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14
Q

What are Arrector pili?

A

-smooth muscle -responds to Emotional/Physiologic stress (cold, fright) causes muscle to contract and pull hair perpendicular to skin (causes goosebumps)

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15
Q

What is sebum?

A

An oily substance secreted from sebaceous glands.

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16
Q

What does sebum do for the body?

A

-Prevents dehydration of hair and skin -Inhibits growth of certain bacteria

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17
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

-Merocrine (eccrine) -Apocrine

18
Q

What is the most common type of sweat gland in the body?

A

Merocrine

19
Q

What is the function of merocrine glands? And what happens when they are produced?

A

They secrete a watery solution that helps to cool the body and eliminates small amounts of waste. -Electrolytes lost here -Some antibacterial action

20
Q

Where is the location of apocrine glands? And what happens when they are produced?

A

Located mainly in the skin of the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded facial regions (males only) -They secrete a slightly viscous sweat (responsible for B.O.) -Influenced by hormones

21
Q

Why is a bag full of lacrosse gloves smelly?

A

Merocrine glands

22
Q

Is a hair follicle an organ unto itself?

A

Yes

23
Q

Is a sweat gland an organ unto itself?

A

Yes

24
Q

The integument is the largest organ in the body? T/F

A

true

25
Q

Where is the thickest skin found on your body?

A

heel 4 mm

26
Q

Where is the thinnest skin found on your body?

A

eyelids

27
Q

How much skin does the average human lose per year?

A

one kg (approx 2.2 lbs)

28
Q

What are some of the functions of the skin?

A

-Protection -Regulation of body temperature -Sensory perceptions -Synthesis of vitamin D (with help from sunlight, kidneys and liver) -Emotional expression -It also serves as an important reservoir of blood.

29
Q

How does the skin play a role in vitamin D production?

A

Cholesterol-like molecule in the skin that gets activated by sunlight, changes forms to an inactive version of vitamin D and then it travels through the blood to the liver where it is changed to another inactive form of vitamin D and then it is sent to the kidneys for processing and turns into vitamin D.

30
Q

What do the epidermal ridges attach to?

A

dermal papilla

31
Q

What is shown by box 1 in the picture?

A

epidermis

32
Q

What is shown by box 2 in the picture?

A

epidermal ridge

33
Q

What is shown by box 3 in the picture?

A

dermal papilla

34
Q

What is shown by box 4 in the picture?

A

dermis

35
Q

The epidermis is comprised of what type of epithelial tissue?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

36
Q

What are the four types of cells found in keratinized stratified squamous?

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • Merkel cells
37
Q

Anywhere that your body has thin skin, you have the ability to grow hair. T/F?

A

True

38
Q

Anywhere that you have thick skin, you can grown hair. T/F?

A

False

39
Q

Melanin is produced by what?

A

melanocytes

40
Q

Everyone has approximately the same number of melanocytes. T/F?

A

True

41
Q

Melanocytes function by using melanin to shield ______ from ______?

A

Melanocytes function by using melanin to shield the nuclei of surrounding cells from UV radiation.

42
Q

skin color is a combination of what three things?

A
  • blood flow to the skin
  • how much melanin production you have
  • how much carotene you have/ can absorb

BIOL205 (9 decks)

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