6.1 Intro to Organic 1

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Molecule only contains hydrogen and carbons

Question 2

Define homologous series

Answer 2

• same general formula
• SIMILAR CHEMICAL properties
• TREND in PHYSICAL properties
• same functional groups

Question 3

Define functional group

Answer 3

The group of the molecule that determines which group the molecule is a member of and its physical and chemical properties

Question 4

What does saturated mean?

Answer 4

Organic compounds which only contain single bonds

Question 5

What are unsaturated compounds?

Answer 5

Organic compounds that contain at least one carbon carbon double covalent bond

Question 6

Define structural isomerism

Answer 6

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 7

What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed?

Answer 7

1. Alkyl groups can be in different places
2. Functional groups can be bonded to different parts
3. There can be different functional groups

Question 8

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 8

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 9

What is E-Z isomerism and how are E and Z isomers differentiated?

Answer 9

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C
double bonds. If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer [zame zide].
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer

Question 10

What is Cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 10

Special type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same

Question 11

What is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 11

CnH2n+2

Question 12

What is the structural formula of propane?

Answer 12

CH3CH2CH3

Question 13

What is the molecular formula of propane?

Answer 13

C3H8

Question 14

What is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 14

-ene

Question 15

What is the suffix for alkanes?

Answer 15

-ane

Question 16

What is the suffix for halogenoalkanes?

Answer 16

(halogen) …-ane

Question 17

What are the prefix & suffix for alcohols?

Answer 17

hydroxy- , -ol

Question 18

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

Answer 18

-al

Question 19

What are the prefix & suffix for ketones?

Answer 19

oxo- , -one

Question 20

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

Answer 20

-oic acid

Question 21

What is the suffix for nitriles?

Answer 21

-nitrile

Question 22

What are the prefix & suffix for amines?

Answer 22

amino- , -amine

Question 23

What is the suffix for acyl chlorides?

Answer 23

-oyl chloride

Question 24

What is the suffix for acid anhydride?

Answer 24

-oic anhydride

Question 25

What is the suffix for esters?

Answer 25

-oate

Question 26

What is the suffix for amides?

Answer 26

-amides

Question 27

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 27

Where two or more molecules combine to give a single product with no other products.

Question 28

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 28

A reaction that involves replacing an atom or group of atoms with another.

Question 29

What is an elimination reaction?

Answer 29

Where a small molecule like H2O or HCl is removed from the molecule.

Question 30

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 30

Where a compound is broken down by water. Can also refer to the breakdown of a substance by dilute acids or alkalis.

Question 31

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 31

Where two organic molecules join together and in the process eliminate small molecules like H2O or HCl.

Question 32

What is an oxidation reaction?

Answer 32

A reaction where an oxygen is added, electrons are removed or the oxidation number of a substance increased.

Question 33

What can we use as an oxygen from the oxidising agent in the redox reaction?

Answer 33

a [O]

Question 34

What can we use as a hydrogen from the reducing agent in the redox reaction?

Answer 34

a [H]

Question 35

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 35

Same molecular formula, but a different carbon chain length.

Question 36

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 36

When the functional group is located on different carbons.

Question 37

What qualities make geometric isomers different from each other?

Answer 37

They have different chemical and physical properties to each other