1B. Atomic Structure [SET 2]

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

An atom is the smallest uncharged part of an element.

Question 2

The relative mass of a proton

Answer 2

1

Question 3

The relative mass of a neutron

Answer 3

1

Question 4

The relative mass of an electron

Answer 4

1/1840 = 0.000543

Question 5

What is the atomic number

Answer 5

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom

Question 6

What is the mass number

Answer 6

The total number of particles in the nucleus
(No. of protons + neutrons)

Question 7

What is the no. of neutrons

Answer 7

Mass number - Atomic number

Question 8

What are isotopes

Answer 8

Isotopes are the same type of atoms (same no. of protons/atomic number) but a different no. of neutrons

Question 9

What is the relative atomic mass

Answer 9

Relative atomic mass (Ar) is the weighted mean of the atoms of a normal sample relative to 1/12 the mass of the C-12 isotope

Question 10

What is the relative isotopic mass

Answer 10

Relative isotopic mass is the mass of an isotope of the element relative to 1/12 the mass of the C-12 isotope

Question 11

What is relative molecular mass

Answer 11

Relative molecular mass (Mr) is the mass of a molecule relative to 1/12 the mass of the C-12 isotope

Question 12

What is the relative formula mass

Answer 12

Relative formula mass is the sum of all the atomic masses of all the atoms in a particular formula

Question 13

alternative name to hydrogen-1

Answer 13

protium

Question 14

alternative name to hydrogen-2

Answer 14

deuterium

Question 15

alternative name to hydrogen-3

Answer 15

tritium

Question 16

What are the processes in a mass spectrometer

Answer 16

1. sample is vapourised
2. sample is ionised by an electron gun shooting electrons to knock off the existing electrons
3. the ions are accelerated by an electric field
   4.the accelerated ions pass through a magnetic field and are deflected
4. the ions are detected and recorded

Question 17

Why must the tube in a mass spectrometer be under vacuum

Answer 17

so the ions won’t collide with air molecules that could affect the path the ions are taking

Question 18

What m/z mean

Answer 18

mass/charge

Question 19

What is the molecular/parent ion

Answer 19

the peak with the highest mass caused by the ion formed from the whole molecule

Question 20

Where to find the molecular ion

Answer 20

the largest peak at the end of the m/z graph

Question 21

Where could we use mass spectrometers in real life

Answer 21

-in sport to detect the use of anabolic steroids
-by pharmaceutical industries to identify synthesized compounds as possible potential drugs

Question 22

Why do certain substances produce different colours when placed in flames

Answer 22

-the heat energy from the flame causes electrons to move to a higher energy level shell.
-the electrons drop back down again and give out energy
-this energy is given out in the form of light
-this energy drop is always same for a particular type of atom, so the flame exhibits a particular colour

Question 23

Which metals atom emit coloured flames

Answer 23

lithium
sodium
potassium
calcium
strontium
barium

Question 24

Why do some metals don’t display colours

Answer 24

the energy given back out is not in the visible light spectrum

Question 25

what is ionisation energy

Answer 25

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Question 26

Definition of first ionisation energy

Answer 26

the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms producing one mole of gaseous ions with one positive charge

Question 27

example of first ionisation

Answer 27

Cl (g) => Cl+ (g) + e-

Question 28

What does the magnitude of the first ionisation energy tell us

Answer 28

the magnitude tells us about the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons

Question 29

what factors influence the attraction between an electron to the nucleus depends on

Answer 29

-charge in the nucleus - number of protons (positive charge) in the nucleus, higher the charge, greater the attraction -distance from the nucleus, smaller the distance, greater the attraction -shielding from inner electrons/shells, less inner electrons/shells, greater the attraction

Question 30

trends for first ionisation energies across a period

Answer 30

TREND 1: general increase TREND 2: little drop from group 2 to 3 TREND 3: little drop from group 5 to 6 TREND 4: big drop from group 0 to 1/ one period to another

Question 31

Reasons for TREND 1

Answer 31

-increase in nuclear charge -similar shielding and distance -attraction between outer e- and nucleus

Question 32

Reasons for TREND 2

Answer 32

-distance and shielding increase from s to p orbital -attraction between outer e- and nucleus decrease -(despite higher nuclear charge)

Question 33

Reasons for TREND 3

Answer 33

-outer electron is group 6 is sharing a p orbital -repulsion between the electrons in the p orbital -attraction between outer e- and nucleus decrease

Question 34

Reasons for TREND 4

Answer 34

-large increase in distance and shielding, into a new electron shell -attraction between outer e- and nucleus decrease -(despite higher nuclear charge)

Question 35

Which group has the highest ionisation energy

Answer 35

noble gases

Question 36

which group has the smallest ionisation energy

Answer 36

group 1

Question 37

what is the relative charge of a proton

Answer 37

1+

Question 38

what is the relative charge of an electron

Answer 38

1-

Question 39

what is the relative charge of a neutron

Answer 39

0

Question 40

when to use RFM

Answer 40

could for everything

Question 41

when to use RMM

Answer 41

non ion compounds, involving molecules,

Question 42

what is a mass spectrometer used for

Answer 42

to determine the relative atomic and molecular mass

Question 43

what does the peak on the graph for a mass spectrometer tell

Answer 43

number of each type of ions present, isotopes

Question 44

why do peaks occur at other numbers lower, e.g. 35 and 37 for chlorine

Answer 44

molecules break up in the mass spectrometer

Question 45

how is the RMM calculated using the graph

Answer 45

the mass value of the molecular/parent ion

Question 46

patterns in graphs for the same compounds

Answer 46

molecules in the compound will always break up the same way and in the same proportion therefore will produce the same pattern in the mass spectrograph

Question 47

how to answer an ionisation energy question

Answer 47

PSDS P-protons (no. of)/nuclear charge S-shielding(no. of) D-distance from nucleus S-strength of attraction