6.1 Ions and Ion Formation

Question 1

Chemically stable

Answer 1

Much less likely to undergo chemical change

Question 2

One of the major tendencies that causes change to occur in chemistry:

Answer 2

The tendency for matter to alter its condition in order to achieve a lower potential energy.

Question 3

Cations

Answer 3

positively charged ions that form when an atom loses electrons

Question 4

Anions

Answer 4

negatively charged ions that when an atom gains electrons

Question 5

Noble gases can combine under…

Answer 5

very high temperature conditions. Neil Bartlett used such to force xenon and fluorine to combine, changing the idea that noble gases were inert.

Question 6

Metalloids (The Six Semis)

Answer 6

boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (Ar), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te)

Question 7

Electron Transfer

Answer 7

Exergonic reaction; lowers potential energy

Question 8

Members of the 1A Family

Answer 8

…tend to lose only one electron when ionized. Forms 1+ ions.

Question 9

Members of the 2A Family

Answer 9

…all form 2+ ions.

Question 10

Members of the 3A Family

Answer 10

…almost always form 3+ ions (Al, Ga, In, Tl).

Question 11

Nonmetal Members of the 6A Family

Answer 11

…form 2- ions.

Question 12

Members of the 7A Family

Answer 12

…all form 1- ions.

Question 13

When a metal becomes an cation…

Answer 13

their name remains the same, with ‘ion’ added (sodium ion).

Question 14

When a nonmetal becomes an anion…

Answer 14

their last syllable becomes ‘ide,’ such as a chloride ion.

Question 15

Monatomic ions

Answer 15

ions composed of single atoms

Question 16

Polyatomic ions

Answer 16

ions composed of a group of covalently bonded atoms that behave as if they were a single ion. Almost all common ones are negative, the exception being ammonium (NH4)+.

Question 17

List the memorized polyatomic ions.

Answer 17

ammonium (NH4)+
nitrate (NO3)-
carbonate (CO3)2-
sulfate (SO4)2-
phosphate (PO4)3-
hydroxide (OH)-