6.1 Study Guide

Question 1

Prokaryote vs. eukaryote.

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus and mitochondria), while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Comparing and contrasting the structures of bacteria vs. plant vs. animal cells.

Answer 2

Plant cells have larger vacuoles that help maintain water balance. Bacterial cells have larger vacuoles and help to store ions and maintain water balance. Animal cells have many lysosomes that contain digestive enzymes to break down the molecules and protect them from foreign bodies.

Question 3

Recognizing components of the cell membrane.

Answer 3

Lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrates attached to some of the lipids and some of the proteins.

Question 4

Role of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in the cell membrane.

Answer 4

Lipids are the main component of the cell membrane and are often referred to as fats. Proteins serve as pumps or channels moving materials in and out of the cell membrane. Carbohydrates are compounds that form sugars and are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 5

Benefits of both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell plans.

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cells can also form biofilms, which provide protection and allow for cooperative behavior. Eukaryotic cells have several advantages over prokaryotic cells. Their larger size allows for more complex structures and specialized organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.