Introduction to Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Ibuprofen + Paracetamol

Answer 1

Addition

Question 2

Naloxone to morphine

Answer 2

Antagonism

Question 3

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

Answer 3

Potentiation

Question 4

Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

Answer 4

Synergism

Question 5

Most convenient, economical and common route of administration

Answer 5

Oral

Question 6

Most rapid onset (route of administration)

Answer 6

Intravenous

Question 7

Best treatment option for the disease based on affordability, safety, suitability, and efficacy

Answer 7

rational Drug Use

Question 8

Responsible for selectivity of drug action

Answer 8

Receptors

Question 9

The law of pharmacodynamics

Answer 9

Drug-receptor occupancy theory

Question 10

Refers to the plateau portion of the curve or the constant peak effect

Answer 10

Steady-state concentration

Question 11

Provides data on pharmaceutical potency and maximal efficacy of a drug in relation to the desired therapeutic effect

Answer 11

Graded-dose response

Question 12

Reflects the actual body exposure to drug after administration of a dose of the drug

Answer 12

Area under the concentration curve

Question 13

Response curve which usually leads to coma

Answer 13

Steep dose-response curve

Question 14

Relates the dosage of a drug to the frequency with which a designated response will occur within a population

Answer 14

Quantal dose-effect curve

Question 15

Relation of the dose of drug required to produce its desired effect to that which produces the undesired effect

Answer 15

Therapeutic index

Question 16

Rapid diminishing of responsiveness of the drug after administration

Answer 16

Tachyphylaxis

Question 17

The concentration or dose of a drug required to produce 50% of that drug’s maximal effect

Answer 17

Potency

Question 18

Permission of the drug to the system by means of simple passive diffusion, by any route of administration

Answer 18

Absorption

Question 19

Rate and extent of entry of the drug into the systemic circulation

Answer 19

Bioavailability

Question 20

Properties for a drug to be easily absorbable

Answer 20

Non-polar
Non-ionized
Lipophilic

Question 21

Metabolism/Biotransformation

Answer 21

Aims to convert a relatively less polar drug to a more polar metabolite facilitating easier excretion

Question 22

Site pf detoxification, simplification, activation of all food and drugs

Answer 22

Liver

Question 23

Extensive metabolism in the liver of drugs that are absorbed via the portal circulation

Answer 23

First-pass effect

Question 24

The amount of drug eliminated for each interval is constant, regardless of the amount of drug in the body

Answer 24

Zero order kinetics

Question 25

Drug with the longest half-life

Answer 25

Chloroquine

Question 26

Components of total clearance

Answer 26

Hepatic clearance
Renal clearance
Biliary clearance

Question 27

Factors that influence CL

Answer 27

Dose
Organ blood flow
Intrinsic flow of liver and kidneys

Question 28

Considers genetic variations that can cause differences in drug response which may warrant adjustment of doses or discontinuation of therapy

Answer 28

Pharmacogenomics

Question 29

Variation in drug effect due to differences in chromosomal make up

Answer 29

Genetic polymorphism