Mood Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Major Depressive Episode
A
- state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with weight loss and difficulty sleeping
2
Q
General Depressive Disorder
A
- Depression is recurrent
- Develops gradually or suddenly
- Depression can produce severe impairment
3
Q
Models of Depression
A
- Depression through Life Events (Freud; childhood trauma creating vulnerability)
- Interpersonal Model
- Behavioural Model
- Cognitive Model
- Learned Helplessness
- Biology
4
Q
Interpersonal Model
A
- people often elicit hostility and rejection from others, which maintains or worsens depression (social turn offs pushing people away)
5
Q
Behavioural Model
A
- Depressed people try new things with no pay off and give up on them (stop participating, worsening withdrawal)
- View implies the solution is pushing ourselves to engage with others or good activities
6
Q
Cognitive Model
A
- Depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations
- Negative view of oneself; ones feelings of the present or future
- Depressive realism: mild depression sometimes causes a more accurate view of circumstances (depressed people may just be less attentive to reality)
7
Q
Learned Helplessness
A
- Tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cannot control
- Blame bad on internal factors and good on external factors
- Symptoms: passivity; appetite weight loss; difficulty learning one change circumstances for the better
8
Q
Role of Biology
A
- twin studies indicate that genes exert a moderate effect on the risk of developing depression, especially in conjunction with life experiences
9
Q
Bio polar Disorder
A
- Diagnosed when there’s at least one manic episode
- Manic episodes often produce serious problems due to impairment on judgement.
- The most genetically influenced of mental disorders (increased activity in emotions + amygdala, and decreased activity with planning + prefrontal cortex)
10
Q
Suicide
A
- major depression and bipolar cause higher risks of suicide
- anxiety disorders associated with heightened suicide risk
- cannot easily study to determine which people will commit suicide because the period of risk is often brief
- low prevalence = hard diagnosis