Cardiology drugs Flashcards
What are thiazide-like diuretics and loop diuretics used in?
Thiazide-like: HTN
Loop: heart failure
What are 4 side effects of diuretics?
Hypokalaemia: Tired/Arrhythmias
Hyperglycaemia: Diabetes
Uric Acid: Gout
Impotence
What are cardioselective and non selective beta blockers used for?
Cardioselective β Blockers: -Only block β1 receptors e.g. Atenolol
-Used in angina,hypertension and heart failure
Non selective β Blockers:
- Block β1 and β2 receptors e.g. Propranolol
- Used in thyrotoxicosis
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
Asthma – never use in established asthma
Tired
Heart Failure can be worsened in short term
Cold peripheries
What are the two different types of calcium antagonists? and what are they used for? side effects of them?
Calcium channel blockers act to dilate peripheral arterioles = decrease afterload and oxygen requirement to heart
Dihydropyridines (calcium channel blockers):
- e.g. Amlodipine
- Used in hypertension and angina
- Side effect : Ankle oedema
Rate limiting calcium antagonists (these also slow heart rate):
- e.g. Verapamil, Diltiazem
- Used in hypertension and angina
- Plus Supraventricular Arrhythmias (AF, SVT)
- Avoid use with beta blockers
What are alpha blockers used for? what is the side effect?
Block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilatation
Use in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy: e.g. Doxazosin
Side effects: Postural hypotension
ACE inhibitors:
when are they used?
when are they not to be used?
side effects?
Block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II:
- e.g. Lisinopril
- Used in hypertension and heart failure
- Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy
- Bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis
- Never use in pregnancy induced hypertension
Side effects:
- Cough
- Renal dysfunction
- Angioneurotic oedema
What is an ARB and what is it used for? when is it not used? side effects?
Block Angiotensin II Receptors:
- e.g. Losartan
- Used in hypertension and heart failure
- Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy
- Bad for kidneys in renal a stenosis
- never use in pregnancy induced hypertension
Side effects:
- Renal dysfunction
- No cough
What are nitrates and when are they used? what is the side effects? why is it important to leave 8hrs a day nitrite free?
Venodilators - reduce preload (in higher doses also cause arteriolar dilation = decrease afterload):
- e.g. Isosorbide monoritrate
- Used in angina, acute heart failure
Side effects:
- Headache
- Hypotension/Collapse
Tolerance common so leave 8 hr/day nitrate-free
what do antiplatelets prevent and when are they used? side effects?
Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel
All prevent new thrombosis
Used in :
- angina
- acute MI
- CVA/TIA
- Patients at high risk of MI & CVA
Side effects:
- Haemorrhage anywhere
- Peptic ulcer could lead to haemorrhage
- Aspirin sensitivity could cause asthma exac.
what do fibrinolytic drugs cause? what are they used for? side effects?
Dissolve formed clot:
-e.g. Streptokinase= tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA)
Used in:
- STEMI
- Pulmonary embolism (selected cases only)
- CVA (selected cases only)
Side effects:
-Haemorrhage serious risk
in which 5 situations would a fibrinolytic drug be avoided?
- recent haemorrhage (some CVAs)
- trauma
- bleeding tendencies
- severe diabetic retinopathy
- peptic ulcer
When are statin used? what are the side effects?
e.g. Simvastatin
Blocks HMG CoA reductase
Used in:
- hypercholesterolaemia
- diabetes
- Angina/MI
- CVA/TIA
- High risk of MI and CVA
Side effects
- Myopathy
- Rhabdomyolysis renal failure
When are fibrates used?
e.g. Bezafibrate
Use in:
-hypertriglyceridaemia
-low HDL cholesterol
What anti-arrythmic drugs are used for:
The acute phase for supraventricular arrythmias
Ventricular/supraventricular arrythmias
Supraventricular Arrhythmias e.g. SVT:
-Use adenosine in acute phase
Ventricular/Supraventricular Arrhythmias:
- Amiodarone
- Beta Blockers
- Flecainide
