Lipids

Question 1

Functions of lipids

Answer 1

insulation, energy storage, structural (cholesterol and phosolipids in membrane), endocrine

Question 2

lipids are hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 2

hydrophobic

Question 3

triglycerides

Answer 3

3 fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 4

saturated

Answer 4

no double bonds, straight chain, stack densely and form fat plaques, bad for heath

Question 5

unsaturated

Answer 5

double bonds present, double bonds cause branching chain. not as dense, better for heath

Question 6

amphipathic

Answer 6

both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties

Question 7

phospholipid

Answer 7

two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glyceral backbone

Question 8

steroids

Answer 8

three 6 membered rings and one 5 membered ring (4 rinfs total). Form hormones, corticosteroids, and cholesteral (cholesteral is membranecomponent)

Question 9

waxes

Answer 9

esters of fatty acids and monohydroxylic alcohols. Used as protective coating ot exoskeleton (lanolin)

Question 10

Carotenoids

Answer 10

yellow, orange, or red fat soluble pigments. Fatty acid carbon chain
Ex: carotenes (orange/red) and xanthophylls (yellow/brown)

Question 11

Porphyrins (tetrapyrroles)

Answer 11

4 joined pyrrole rings. Often complex w/ metal (e.g. porphyrin heme complexes with Fe in hemoglobin, chlorophyll w/ Mg

Question 12

adipocytes

Answer 12

specilizd fat cells (white ones and brown ones-lots of mitochondria)

Question 13

glycolipids

Answer 13

are likephospholipids but with Carbon group instead of phos

Question 14

lipids are insoluble so they are transported in the blood by?

Answer 14

lipoproteins

Question 15

unsaturated or saturated fats have lower melting points?

Answer 15

unsaturated, there are increased kinks in the molecule due to the double bonds which lowers the melting point due poorer packing