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exam 3 pigments Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

free hemogobin from damaged RBC is picked up in circulation by

A

hapten

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3
Q

What cell in the spleen/liver breaks hemoglobin into 3 parts

A

macrophage

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4
Q

3 products of hemoglobin

A

iron

globin

heme

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5
Q

How is heme processed?

A
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6
Q

How is unconjugated bilirubin processed?

A
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7
Q

Too much bilirubin in the blood

A

hyperbilirubinemia

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8
Q

bilirubinemia >> 2 mg/dl you get

A

jaundice

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9
Q

Yellow discoloration of tissue or fluid

A

Jaundice or Icterus = increased bilirubin in tissues

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10
Q

True or false

use fat to assess, especially livestock, corn fed chickens, monkeys.

A

false

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11
Q

How does hyperbilirubinemia (icterus) happen?

A
  1. Prehepatic hyperbilirubinemia
  2. Hepatic hyperbilirubinemia
  3. Posthepatic hyperbilirubinemia
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12
Q

hemolysis is an etiology of ____ jaundice

A

pre hepatic

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13
Q

Get this black kidney because excessive _____ filtered through the kidney is toxic to the kidney

A

hemoglobin

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14
Q

Red-brown coloration of kidney and urine – Pink serum

A

Hemoglobinuria due to intravascular haemolysis

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15
Q

Red-brown coloration of kidney and urine – Pink serum

A

Hemoglobinuria

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16
Q

tylenol causes jaundice in cats what are eitologis are there?

A
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17
Q

Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

A

Prehepatic

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18
Q

Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

A

Prehepatic - IMHA

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19
Q

Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

A

Hepatic – infectious canine hepatitis (adenovirus)

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20
Q

Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

A

Posthepatic – biliary calculus

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21
Q

Iron stored intracellularly as ferritin (bound to apoferritin) • Gross – Must have a lot to impart gross brown color

A

hemosideran

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22
Q

Stains blue-black with prussian blue / Perls

A

hemosideran

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23
Q

Hemosideran accumulation can be __ or __

A
  1. Local: Chronic congestion Hemorrhage 2. Widespread: Hemolysis Inherited disorders of Fe storage
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24
Q

“Heart failure cells” – hemosiderin-laden macrophages within alveoli. Local or widespread?

A

Localized hemosiderosis due to chronic congestion

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25
Q

This is ____ accumuation of hemosideran due to hemolysis

A

generalized

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26
Q

Pink-red discolored bones and teeth – Fluoresces with uv light in calves, pigs, cats

A

Erythropoietic porphyria

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27
Q

Erythropoietic porphyria is an inherited defenciy of ____

A

uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase  defect in heme synthesis  porphyrins

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28
Q

What is this pigment

A

melanin

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29
Q

Disease: Flea allergy dermatitis secondaryily leads to what MDX?

A

MDx: Cutaneous hyperpigmentation (hypermelanosis)

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30
Q

Sheep brain has developmental anomaly Mdx:

A

MDx: meningeal melanosis

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31
Q

Sheep uterus developmental anomaly

A

MDx: endometrial melanosis

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32
Q

Cow lungs developmental anomaly

A

MDx: pleural melanosis

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33
Q

Pigmentation?

A

Melanosis

34
Q

Derived from the breakdown of lipids - an un-degradable remnant of breakdown of organelles • Composed of lipid complexed with protein • Commonly in found in aged cells and injured cells (“wear and tear” pigment) • Especially accumulates in postmitotic cells

A

lipofuscin

35
Q

Tissue obtains a brownish color after large amount of accumulation

A

MDx: Myocardial lipofuscinosis

36
Q

Pony lesser omentum

MDx: omental carotenoid pigmentation (EXOGENOUS PIGMENTATION)

A

Pathogenesis: vitamin A accumulates in fatty tissues and causes yellow-orange discoloration

37
Q

inhaled carbon deposits in peribronchiolar macrophage aggregates

A

MDx: pulmonary anthracosis

“Pneumoconiosis” = inhaled dust, anthracosis is a subtype of this

38
Q

African green monkey lung

A

MDx: pulmonary anthracosis Pathogenesis: inhaled carbon deposits in peribronchiolar macrophage aggregates “Pneumoconiosis” = inhaled dust, anthracosis is a subtype of this

39
Q

sheep liver

A

MDx: chronic cholangitis & biliary parasitic hematin

40
Q

Macaque lung

A

MDx: chronic bronchiolitis and parasitic hematin & lung mites

41
Q

blue indicative of

A

ingestion of certain anticoagulant rodenticides

42
Q

this happens to puppies of moms who have been given ___ during pregnancy

A

tetracycline

43
Q

this is a mineral deposit of ___

A

ca

44
Q

Gritty white deposit

A

Ca

45
Q

Lungs – Basophilic intracellular and extracellular pleomorphic granular material

A
46
Q

Kidney – Basophilic granular material within glomerular and tubular basement membranes and renal tubular epithelial cells

A
47
Q

what stains black with vonkossa

A

ca

48
Q

2 types of calcification

A
49
Q

Local deposition of calcium in areas of injury • Especially necrotic fat – calcium ions interact with fatty acids, producing insoluble calcium soaps (“saponification”) • Also muscle, granulomas, dead parasites

A

dystropic

50
Q

Widespread deposition of calcium in otherwise normal tissues • Caused by hypercalcemia • Predilection sites – vascular intima/adventitia – gastric mucosa – renal tubular epithelium – pulmonary interstitium – basement membranes

A

metastatic

51
Q
A

A

52
Q
A
53
Q

cause of hypercalcemia

A

*vitamin D deficiency (normally produced in kidney) and hyperphosphatemia (will precipitate out Ca)  PTH production  hypercalcemia

54
Q

Dystrophic vs Metastatic?

A

metastatic

55
Q
A

dystrophic

56
Q
A

metastatic

57
Q

hyperadrenocorticism or long term corticosteroid treatment

A

Calcinosis cutis

58
Q

Fibrils made of stacked β -pleated sheets • Can be formed by lots of different protein monomers • Deposited and accumulates in extracellular space – COMPRESSION ATROPHY of adjacent tissues

A

amyloid

59
Q

Enlarged, firm organs with waxy appearance – Stains blue violet when treated with iodine + sulfuric acid • Histo – Amorphous homogenous eosinophilic extracellular material (“hyaline”)

A

amyloid

60
Q

Amorphous homogenous eosinophilic extracellular material (“hyaline”) – Stains pink and has green birefringence with polarized light when stained with Congo Red

A

amyloid

61
Q

Which 2 most important

A

top 2

62
Q

A dog that you treated for protein losing nephropathy…..

A
63
Q
A

Glomerular amyloidosis

64
Q

Pathogenesis of ‘reactive systemic amyloidosis’: Chronic inflammation  liver produces SAA in response to IL-4 & IL-6  spontaneous conversion of SAA to AA  formation of amyloid fibrils

A

Most common form in animals Hereditary in sharpeis and abyssinians Kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes

65
Q

accumulation of uric acid in tissues

A

Gout

66
Q

what species No uricase; uric acid is the end product – Get gout from decreased renal function, dehydration

A

birds reptiles

67
Q

Get gout from diet, genetic disorders, chemotherapy in what species

A

mammals

68
Q
A
69
Q

Chalky white foci on surface of visceral organs and serous membranes (liver, myocardium, spleen, pleura, air sacs, etc…) – May involve soft tissues around joints • Histo – Needle-like clear spaces (crystals dissolve out in processing) – “Tophi” - granulomatous inflammation surrounding deposit

A

uric acid

70
Q

?

A

visceral gout

71
Q
A

visceral gout

72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q
A
  1. blood sample CBC/chem
  2. urine
  3. serum color
  4. mares botle feed
75
Q
A

renal lesions

76
Q

dystrophic or metatsatic?

A

d left m right

77
Q

White cats are predisposed to damage from ___

A

UV radiation

78
Q

Herefords are predisposed to what neoplasms?

A

squamous cell carcinoma eyelids

79
Q

gray horses are predisposed to ???

A

excessive perianal melonomas usually benign

80
Q
A
81
Q
A

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