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laughing your way peds > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for vitamin e

A

Tocopherol

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2
Q

Another name for vitamin k

A

Phylloquinone

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3
Q

Another name for vitamin b1

A

Thiamine

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4
Q

Another name for vitamin b2

A

Riboflavin

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5
Q

Another name for vitamin b3

A

Niacin

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6
Q

Another name for vitamin b5

A

Pantothenic acid

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7
Q

Another name for vitamin b6

A

Pyridoxine

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8
Q

Another name for vitamin b9

A

Folate

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9
Q

Another name for vitamin b12

A

Cyanocobalamin

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10
Q

Another name for vitamin c

A

Ascorbic acid

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11
Q

How does deficiency of retinol present

A

Blindness

  • nyctalopia (night blindness)
  • xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
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12
Q

How does toxicity of retinol present

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

May be presented as a teenager on isotretinoin as this is an analog of vit a

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13
Q

How does folate (b9) deficiency present

A

Large tongue and macrocytic anemia

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14
Q

How does cyanocobalamin (b12) deficiency present

A

Macrocytic anemia. Bowel disease leading to pernicious anemia

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15
Q

How does ascorbic acid (vit c) deficiency present

A

Leg tenderness, poor wound healing, scurvy, bleeding gums

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16
Q

How does ascorbic acid toxicity present

A

Oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis

Hemolytic crisis in pts with G6PD

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17
Q

How does vitamin e (tocopherol) deficiency present

A

Neuropathies, peripheral edema, thrombocytosis, muscle weakness

In premies can cause hemolytic anemia and cause neurological effects in older children

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18
Q

How does phylloquinone (vit k) deficiency present

A

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn

If baby is bleeding give vit k and fresh frozen plasma

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19
Q

What are the vit k dependent factors

A

2,7,9,10

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20
Q

Vitamin d2

A

Ergocalciferol

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21
Q

Vitamin d3

A

Cholecalciferol

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22
Q

25 hydroxy d

A

Calcidiol

23
Q

1,25 hydroxy d

A

Calcitriol

24
Q

How does vit d toxicity present

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, elevated BUN, nephrolithiasis and could lead to renal failure

25
Q

How do you calculate caloric requirement

A

For the first 10kg - 100 kcal/kg
Next 10kg - 50 kcal/kg
Additional Kilos - 20 kcal/kg

26
Q

What is the protein requirement for a preterm vs a term infant

A

Preterm - 3.5 g/kg per day

Term - 2 to 2.5 g/kg per day for the first 6 months

27
Q

What’s an essential fatty acid

A

Linoleic acid

28
Q

What is the recommended concentration of iron in iron fortified formula

A

12mg/L

29
Q

How does deficiency of essential fatty acids present

A

Scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia

To IV lipids (linoleic acid)

30
Q

How does zinc deficiency present

A

Dermatitis with alopecia (acrodermatitis enteropathica)

Extensive eczematous eruption may be seen around the mouth and perianal area

Child with be growing poorly

Autosomal recessive

31
Q

How does Cooper deficiency present

A

Twisted hairs (menkes kinky hair syndrome)

Low serum copper and ceruloplasmin
Tissue Cooper level is high

X linked

32
Q

Why is cow milk not given before 1 yr

A

Has higher phosphorus and kidney unable to metabolize it causing hypocalcemia due to the high phosphorus

33
Q

When is breastfeeding contraindicated

A

Bad breast

B - bad bugs (CMV, HIV, TB)
A - ntithyroid meds
D- isease (sexually HSV on breast)

B- bad bugs
R - adioactive meds and chemo (technitium 99 only need to stop for 1-2 days)
E - rrors of metabolism (galactosemia, PKU, urea cycle defects)
A - ntibiotic and anti seizure meds (metronidazole and diazepam)
S - ulfonamides
T - etracycline

34
Q

How do protein concentration vary among breast milk, formula and cow milk

A

Breast milk 0.9 g/ dL

Formula 1.4 g/ dL

Cow milk 3.5

35
Q

Whey: casein ratio for breast milk

A

70% whey

20% casein

36
Q

Which has a higher amt of minerals breast milk or formula

A

Formula has higher calcium, phosphorus and iron

37
Q

Which has better iron absorption breast milk or formula

A

Breast milk

38
Q

What is the caloric requirement and expected weight gain for a premie

A

15-20 g/day

120 kcal/kg/day

39
Q

What does premie formula contain

A 
Whey/casein 60/40
Glucose polymers better absorbed than lactose 
Has medium chain triglycerides 
Higher calcium and phosphorus 
24kcal/oz
40
Q

What is the chance of a child who is obese at 6 and 12 yrs of age of being obese as an adult

A

25% and 75%

41
Q

What are health risks of obesity

A

Depression, avascular necrosis of the hip, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease and osteoarthritis

42
Q

What are kids that drink a lot of diet soda and have been on steroid at risk for

A

Osteopenia due to high phosphorus. They should be on vit d and calcium supplements

43
Q

What nutritional deficiency are kids in goat milk at risk for

A

Folate

44
Q

Vegan babies that are not breast feed should be on what formula

A

Iron fortified soy

45
Q

How does kwashiorkor present

A

Protein deficiency

“Pot belly”
Putting edema, thin frail hair, pallor, thin appearance

46
Q

How does marasmus present

A

General nutritional deficiency

Muscle wasting without edema, underweight, normal hair

47
Q

What is the most COMMON complication of NG feeds

A

Diarrhea

48
Q

What is the most SEVERE complication of NG feeds

A

Vomiting with aspiration

49
Q

When are continuous feeds better

A

Infants with GE reflux, Crohn’s disease, malabsorption syndrome, congestive heart disease

50
Q

What nutritional considerations should you have for kids with liver disease

A

Decrease delivery of bile acids resulting in malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins

51
Q

What nutritional considerations should you have for kids with renal disease

A

70 percent of calories should come from carbohydrates and less than 20 percent from lipids

Protein intake 0.5-2 g/kg/day

Low phosphorus formula

52
Q

What vitamins are essential for wound healing

A

C, A, zinc and iron

53
Q

What nutritional considerations should there be for burn kids

A

High carbohydrate diet

Increase amt of calcium and magnesium

laughing your way peds (26 decks)

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