Neuro

Question 1

Medications that may cause pseudo tumor

Answer 1

Vit a
Steroids (also treat it)
Thyroxine
Lithium

Question 2

Cushing’s triad

Answer 2

Hypertension, bradycardia, abnormal respirations

Late findings of increased ICP and usually indicate impending herniation

Question 3

Neonates with cranial bruit, hydrocephalus and Hx of CHF

Answer 3

Vein of Galen malformation

Question 4

Medications that cause ataxia

Answer 4

Anticonvulsants
Alcohol
Thallium

Question 5

Malignancies associated with ataxia telangiectasia

Answer 5

Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia

Question 6

Clinical features of friedreich ataxia

Answer 6

Elevated plantar arch

Absence of lower extremity deep tendon reflexes

Cardiomyopathy leading to CHF

Question 7

What is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood

Answer 7

Medulloblastoma (infra tentorial)

Question 8

What percentage of the time are optic nerve gliomas associated with neurofibromatosis

Answer 8

25 percent

Question 9

Presentation of acute transverse myelitis

Answer 9

Fever and sudden onset of paralysis

Increased tone and hyperreflexia

Respiratory arrest or compromise is the main consequence of concern

CSF has increased polys and a negative gram stain

Question 10

Werdnig-Hoffman disease

Answer 10

Presents in infancy as severe hypotonia, weakness and tongue fasciculations

Question 11

What do you think of in a pt that presents with areflexia and what can it be due to

Answer 11

Guillian barre syndrome

Viruses and campylobacter jejuni

Question 12

What lab finding is always elevated in kids with duchenne even before weakness appears and also in female carriers

Answer 12

CPK

Question 13

Myotonic muscular dystrophy vs duchenne’s

Answer 13

X linked dominant vs recessive
Normal CPK vs elevated
Distal muscle weakness vs proximal

Both striated and smooth muscle are affected

Question 14

Ramsay hunt syndrome

Answer 14

Facial weakness associated with pustular lesions, ear pain and taste loss

Question 15

Bell’s palsy involved what part of the face

Answer 15

Whole face! Upper and lower

If upper spared think of upper motor neuron injury such as with stroke

Question 16

Risk factors for CP in full term infants

Answer 16

Advanced maternal age, black race, IUGR

Question 17

Risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures

Answer 17

A low fever at time of seizure
Short period of time btw fever and seizure
Young age
Family Hx of febrile seizure

Question 18

Tx of absence seizures

Answer 18

Ethosuximide

Question 19

Presentation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 19

Myoclonic jerks upon awakening
Generalized tonic-clonic
Absence sz in 1/3 of pts

Question 20

What genetic condition is infantile spasms associated with

Answer 20

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 21

Difference between simple and complex partial seizures

Answer 21

With simple consciousness is maintained

Question 22

Treatment of simple partial seizures

Answer 22

Carbamazepine

Question 23

Benign Rolandic epilepsy

Answer 23

Most common form of partial epilepsy in childhood

Dominant trait

Associated with migraine headaches

Facial motor seizure and often unilateral sensory involvement

Pt is fully aware but unable to speak

Occur while the child is asleep at night

Question 24

ERG finding for Rolandic epilepsy

Answer 24

Biphasic focal centrotemporal spikes and slow waves

Question 25

Most common risk factor for premies developing CP

Answer 25

Perinatal infection

Question 26

Pt with a stroke, elevated lactate level and sensorineural hearing loss. Dx and best diagnostic step

Answer 26

Mitochondrial disorder

Molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA