EXAM II Simple Extractions

Question 1

which blade is the most commonly used in oral surgery?

Answer 1

15 blade

Question 2

___ bone files can be used in any direction, whereas ___ bone files can only be used in a single direction

Answer 2

• cross-hatched
• straight-cut

Question 3

what are the 3 parts of an elevator?

Answer 3

blade, shank, and handle

Question 4

which forceps simulate furcations of maxillary molars?

Answer 4

53 forceps

Question 5

the ___ forcep is designed similar to the 53 forcep, and is good for expansion and retraction of the socket

Answer 5

88

Question 6

the ___ forceps engage deep between roots to expand the socket and elevate the tooth

Answer 6

23 “cowhorn”

Question 7

extraction of which tooth is the most common cause of sinus perforations?

Answer 7

maxillary first molar

Question 8

___ is the most common tooth for a root fracture during an extraction

Answer 8

maxillary first premolar with a bifurcated root

Question 9

for a maxillary extraction, the chair should be tipped ___ and maxillary occlusal plane is at ___ degrees to the floor. the height of the chair should have the patients mouth at or below the operators ___ level.

Answer 9

• backward
• 60
• elbow

Question 10

for a mandibular extraction, the patient should be positioned in a more ___ position. the occlusal plane is ___. the chair should be _(higher/lower)__ than for extraction of maxillary teeth.

Answer 10

• upright
• parallel to the floor
• lower

Question 11

the first step in removing a tooth using the simple technique is to ___

Answer 11

sever or loosen the soft tissue attachment surrounding the tooth (aka the PDL)

Question 12

during expansion of the bony socket, the forceps should be seated with strong ___ pressure to expand ___ and to displace ___ as apically as possible

Answer 12

• apical
• crestal bones
• center of rotation
  
  • if center of rotation is not far enough apically, it is too far occlusally, which results in excess movement of tooth apex

Question 13

excess motion of root apex caused by high center of rotation results in ___

Answer 13

fracture of root apex

Question 14

what happens when buccal or labial pressure is applied to a tooth?

Answer 14

it will expand the buccal cortical plate toward the crestal bone with some lingual expansion at apical end of the root

Question 15

what can lingual or palatal pressure cause?

Answer 15

expansion of lingual cortical plate at the crestal area and slight expansion of buccal bone at the apical area

Question 16

initial rotational forces are useful for teeth with ___

Answer 16

conical roots

Question 17

tractional forces are useful for ___

Answer 17

final removal of a tooth from the socket

Question 18

the final withdrawal movement for most of the upper and lower teeth is in a ___ direction. what is the exception?

Answer 18

• outward-occlusal direction
• the exception is the lower molars which are sometimes in a lingual-occlusal direction

Question 19

the proper use of forceps in luxation and removal of teeth includes which 3 movements?

Answer 19

outward, inward, and rotatory movements which should be steady and with a reasonable force

Question 20

___ movement is the initial movement in upper central incisor and lower second premolar extractions

Answer 20

primary rotatory movement

Question 21

if a resistance is felt in primary rotation, a ___ movement should be started. if rotatory movement is continued, a ___ may occur.

Answer 21

• bucco-lingual movement
• spiral fracture of the tooth root

Question 22

when extracting a carious tooth, the extraction forceps blade should be applied to the ___ side first, and the first movement should be made ___ the caries

Answer 22

• carious
• toward
• *you want the beak to be apical to the caries

Question 23

if you are extracting a tooth with crowns on both adjacent teeth, which instrument do you want to avoid using?

Answer 23

you don’t want to use elevators; just periosteal and then forceps, otherwise the crowns can break off

Question 24

when an elevator is used for a tooth extraction, an acquired contact point can be made on the ___ surface and a lever can be applied by the handle of the elevator to elevate the tooth or root from the socket

Answer 24

root

Question 25

describe the wedge principle

Answer 25

• it is useful for the extraction of teeth in several different ways
• use the beaks of the extraction forceps as a wedge
• a straight elevator is used to luxate a tooth from its socket

Question 26

what is the wheel and axle principle?

Answer 26

• when one root of a multiple-rooted tooth is left in the alveolar process, the pennant-shaped elevator (cryor) is positioned in the socket and turned
• the handle then serves as the axle and the tip of the triangular elevator acts as a wheel and engages and elevates the tooth root from the socket

Question 27

describe the role of the operators opposite hand in extractions

Answer 27

• the opposite hand plays an important role in supporting and stabilizing the lower jaw when mandibular teeth are being extracted
• the opposite hand supports the alveolar process and provides tactile information to the operator concerning the expansion of the alveolar process during the luxation period

Question 28

what can you do to a tooth to make the extraction easier?

Answer 28

section it

Question 29

special care should be taken when doing rotational movements on which teeth and why?

Answer 29

mandibular incisors because their roots are not as conical as maxillary incisor roots