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Anatomy > Joints of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is the movement of the hip joint

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • adbuction
  • adduction
  • medial rotation
  • lateral rotatio
  • circumduction
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2
Q

what kind of joint is the ball and socket

A

multiaxial ball and socket synovial joint

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3
Q

what increse the depth of the acetabulum

A

the acetabular labrum

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4
Q

what is the acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartilage lip

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5
Q

what part of the acetabulum is weak

A

the inferior area notch

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6
Q

what is a ligament in the hip joint

A

transverse acetabular ligament which is a continuation of the labrum

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7
Q

what does the hip capsule do

A

forms s sleeve that encloses the hip joint and most of the neck of the femur

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8
Q

what is zona orbicularis

A

annular ligament of the hip

– circular fibuer on the distal capsule encircling femoral neck

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9
Q

what does the zona orbicularis do

A

helps to stabilize the hip like a buttonhole

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10
Q

what are the three ligaments of the capsule of the hip

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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11
Q

where can the iliofemoral be found

A

anteriorly

AIIS to intertrochanteric line

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12
Q

what is the iliofemorals shape

A

Y shaped

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13
Q

what does the iliofemorals do

A

prevents hyperextension of the hip joint during standin

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14
Q

where can the pubofemoral be found

A

infereior and anterior

- superior pubic ramus to medial surface of femoral neck

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15
Q

what does the pubofemoral do

A

prevents over abduction

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16
Q

where can the ischiofemoral be found

A

posteriorly

body of ischium to posterior femoral neck

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17
Q

what does the ischiofemoral do

A

limits extension

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18
Q

what do all of the hip ligaments have in common

A

all have a spiral course aroudn the neck of the femur that blend in witht he distal parts of the capsul

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19
Q

on the right side what do the hip lig do

A

spiral clockwise

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20
Q

on the left side what do the hip lig do

A

spiral counter clockwise

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21
Q

what happens to the lig of the hip when the femur is extended

A

on each side they become more tightly wrapped aroudn the neck of the femur

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22
Q

what supplies the hip joint with blood

A

branches of the medial an lateral circumflex femoral artery

** the retinacular is the main supplier of this

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23
Q

what supplies the head of the femur with blood

A

obturator artery

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24
Q

what are the nerves of the hip joint

A

femoral n
obturator n
n to quadratus femoris
superior gluteal n

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25
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

hinge type snynovial joint

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26
Q

what is the knees 3 articulations

A

intermediate

lateral and medial - between femoral & tibial condyle

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27
Q

what stabilizees the knee

A

ligaments and muscles aroudn the knee

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28
Q

what is the primarily movement of the knee

A

flexion and extension

and some rotation

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29
Q

what does the knee do when leg is fully extended

A

the knee locks due to the medial rotation of the femur on the tivia

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30
Q

what does the knee joint capsule have

A

external fibrous layer

- internal synovial membrane

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31
Q

how is the knee enclosed by the capsule

A

only partially enclosed

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32
Q

what are the side of the capsule like

A
  • anterior- think to allow formation of the suprapatellar bursa
  • posterior - the capsule is deficient
  • superiorly- the capsule attaches proximal to the condyles of the femur
  • inferior- attachment is at the articular margins of the tibial condyles
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33
Q

what is the posterior opening of the knee for

A

the popliteus tendon

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34
Q

what stengthens the capsule

A

the 5 extracapsular ligaments

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35
Q

what are the extracapsualr ligaments

A
  • patellar
  • fibular collateral
  • tibial collateral
  • tibial collateral
  • obiques popliteal
  • arcuate popliteal
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36
Q

what is the patellar ligament

A
  • continuation of the tendon of the quad
  • continuous with fibrosis capsule of knee
  • patella is in he tendon
  • easily felt with leg extended
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37
Q

when are the collateral ligaments taut

A

when knee is fully extended

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38
Q

what is the fibular collateral ligament

A
  • lateral ligament
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39
Q

where can the FCL of the knee found

A

lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of the head of he fibula

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40
Q

what does the FCL of the knee do

A

checks hyperextension

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41
Q

what is the tibial collateral ligament of the knee

A

medail ligament and is weaker than the fibular one

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42
Q

where can this TCL lig be found on the knee

A

medial epicondyle fo femur to medial condyle and superior medial surface of tibia

43
Q

what happens at the midpoint of the TCL lig of the knee

A

the deep fiers of the ligament ae attached to the medial menisucus

44
Q

what does the TCL lig do for the knee

A

checks extension, hyperflexion, lateral rotation

45
Q

what is the oblique poplitela lig of the knee

A

expansion of the semimembranosus tendon

46
Q

what does the oblique poplitela lig of the knee do

A

strengthens fibrous capsule posterior

check extension

47
Q

where can the oblique poplitela lig of the knee be found

A

from posterior medial condyle of the tibia to central part of posterior fibrous capsule fo knee joint

48
Q

what is the arcuate popliteal lig of the knee

A

Y shaped lig and spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint

49
Q

what does the arcuate popliteal lig of the knee do

A

strenghthens fibrous capsule posterior

may check medial rotation

50
Q

where can the arcuate popliteal lig of the knee be found

A

from head of fibula posterior to inter condylar area of tibia and lateral epicondyle of femur posterior

51
Q

why are there so many bursae in the knee

A

because most tendons here fun parallel to the bone and pull lenghtwise across the joint

52
Q

where are bursae normally found

A

where skin, muscle or tendons rub against bone

53
Q

what are the bursae on the anterior side

A

superficial infrapatellar
suprapatellar
prepatellar
deep infrapatellar

54
Q

what are the bursae in the popleteal region

A

popliteal bursa

simimembranosus bursa

55
Q

what is the suprapatellar bursa

A

extension of the synovial capsule that is above the base of the patella

56
Q

what does the suprapatellar bursa allow

A

free movement of quads tendon over distal end of femur

57
Q

where is the subcutaneous prepatellar busa

A

between skin and anterior surface of patella

58
Q

where is the subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

A

between skin and tibial tuberosity

59
Q

what does the subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa allow

A

skin to glide over tibial tuberosity

60
Q

where is the deep infrapatellar burs

A

between patellar ligament and anterior surface of the tbia

61
Q

what are some ther bursae around the knee

A

anserine bursa
gastrocnemius bursa
semimebranous bursa
popliteus bursa

62
Q

where does the popliteus bursa lie

A

between the tendon of the popliteus m. andn lateral condyle of tibia

63
Q

what are the cruciate ligament of the knee

A

acl

pcl

64
Q

what are the menisci

A

deepen the articulation
and are shock absorption
- medial
- lateral

65
Q

what attaches both menisci to the tibia

A

the coronary ligament

66
Q

what is the ACL

A

weaker of the 2 ligs

67
Q

what does the ACL do

A

prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyper extension of the knee

68
Q

look at how to test the ACL and PCL

A

slide 21

69
Q

where is the ACL

A

from anterior intercondylar tibia to medial surface of latera condyle of femur

70
Q

when is the ACL slack and taut

A 
slack= knee flexed
taut= knee fully extended
71
Q

what is the PCL of the knee

A

strong of the 2

72
Q

what does the PCL do

A

prevents anterior displacement of he femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of the tibia.
Tightens during flexion

73
Q

where is the PCL

A

from posterior intercondylar tibia to anterior lateral surface medial condyle of femur

74
Q

what is the medial menisucus shaped as

A

c shaped and is broader posterio

75
Q

how does the medial and lateral meniscus connect

A

by a few fibers called transverse ligament

76
Q

what makes the medial menisus relatively immobile

A

peripheral borderr is attached to the capsule and the medial collateral lig

77
Q

what shape is the lateral meniscus

A

more circular shaped

78
Q

what joins the PCL and the lateral minisucs and the medial femoral condlye

A

posterio meniscofemoral ligament

79
Q

what is the blood vessel of the knee joint

A
  • femoral a genicular br.
  • popliteal a genicular br
  • anterior and posterior recurrent br of anteriro tibial recurrent
  • circumflex fibular a( br. of ant. OR post. tibial a.)
80
Q

what are the nerves of the knee joint

A

articular branches of

  • obturator n
  • femoral n
  • tibial n
  • common fibular n
  • saphenous n
81
Q

what is the superior proximal tibiofibular joint

A

plane type synovial joint

82
Q

where is the superior proximal tibiofibular joint

A

between head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

83
Q

what does the superior proximal tibiofibular joint do

A

slight gliding movement during dorsiflexion of foot

84
Q

what doe this joint do for the fibula

A

presses the lateral malleolus laterally causing movement of the body of the head of the fibula

85
Q

what ligaments are apart of the superior proximal tibiofibular joint

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular fivular ligament

86
Q

what is the blood supply to the superior proximal tibiofibular joint

A

inferior lateral genicualr

anteriro tibial recurrent aa

87
Q

what is the nerves of the superior proximal tibiofibular joint

A

common fibular n

nerve to popliteus= tibial n

88
Q

what is the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

compound fiburous joint

89
Q

what are parts of the inferior tibiofibular joint

A
  • interosseous membrane
  • ant.. and post. tibiofibular ligament
  • inferior transverse ligament
90
Q

what does the inferior tibiofibular joint do

A

slight movement occurs to accommodate the talus during dorsiflexion of the foot

91
Q

what is the blood supply of the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

fibular a

  • – perforation branch
  • – medial malleolar branches of ant. and post. tibial aa
92
Q

what are the nerves of the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

deep fibular n
tibial n
saphenous n

93
Q

what is the ankle joint

A

talocrural joint

94
Q

what type of joint is the talocrural jiont

A

hinge type of synovial joint

95
Q

where can the talocrural joint be found

A

inferior ends of tibia and fibula and the superior part of talus

96
Q

what movements does the talocrural joint have

A

uniaxial
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
also some rotation, abduction adduction inversion and eversion WHEN foot is PF

97
Q

what is the ankle capsuel like

A

thin ant. and post.

— strong collateral ligaments

98
Q

what are the ligaments of the ankel joint

A

medial or deltoid ligament

99
Q

what are the 4 parts of the medial and deltoid lig

A

1 anterio tibiotalar
2 posterio tibiotalar
3 tibio calcaneal
4 tibionavicular

100
Q

what does the medail or deltoid lig do

A

attach medial malleollus to talus, navicular and calcaneous

101
Q

what is the lateral ligament of the ankle

A

3 band that attach lateral malleolus to talus and calcaneous

  • anterior and posterior talofibular ligament
  • calcaneofibular
102
Q

what are the blood vessels of the ankle joint

A

malleolar branches

  • – fibular a.
  • – anterior and posterior tibial artery
103
Q

what are the nerves of the ankle joint

A

tibial

deep fibular n

Anatomy (18 decks)

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