urethra, penis and scrotum part 1 Flashcards
what is an epididymal cyst ?
An epididymal cyst, is a collection of spermatic fluid within the epididymis.
how may an epididymal cyst present ?
Not associated with tumours,
May present as a painless scrotal swelling.
How would you manage an epididymal cyst ?
Excision if significant symptoms but may re-occur
What is a varicocele ?
varicosities of the pampiniform plexus (i.e. spermatic vein), most commonly occurring on the left side and poor flow is more common.
what are the s/s of varicoceles ?
- May be asymptomatic or feel like a bag of worms on palpation when standing
Comes as a dragging sensation and ache.
What is the management of varicoceles with regards to the Ff:
- conservative
- surgical (2)
Conservative: scrotal support
Surgical:
1. Radiological embolisation of left vein
2. Ligation/Division of testicular veins
What are 2 most common causes of a Urethral Stricture ?
- Most have an iatrogenic cause
2. traumatic catheter insertion or long-term catheterisation
what is a hydrocele ?
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis which normally sits anterior to the testis.
What are the congenital causes of urethral stricture
Meatal and bulbar stricture
State 2 trauma causes of a urethral stricture
.Straddle injury and pelvic fracture.
state infective cause of urethral strictures
Gonococcal/non-gonococcal urethritis,
State 2 other causes of urethral strictures not mentioned
Balanitis xerotica obliterans and invasive tumours.
Describe the presentation of urethral stricture
Obstructive voiding and filling symptoms:
Filling: increase in frequency, urgency and nocturia
Voiding: urinary retention, poor intermittent stream, hesitancy and straining
To differentiate between scrotal swellings:,
if you can get above it, what is it.
Tumour, hydrocele, spermatocele
To differentiate between scrotal swellings:,
if you cannot get above it, what is it.
hernia
To differentiate between scrotal swellings:
If its one lump or two, what is it ?
spermatocele and hernia