Periodontal Disease and Systemic Health

Question 1

what are some common modifying factors of periodontal disease?

Answer 1

Diabetes, pregnancy, smoking

Question 2

What 2 things can occur regarding diabetic control and periodontitis?

Answer 2

• Incidence and severity of periodontitis is greater.

- Periodontitis increases insulin resistance.

Question 3

What is diabetes effects on bacteria?

Answer 3

Spirochetes increase.

Question 4

What is the effects of host response in people with diabetes?

Answer 4

• PMN function impaired with chemotaxis down.
• Cytokines, monocytes, and macrophages increase.
• Connective tissue synthesis reduces, and ROS damage cells.

Question 5

How does diabetes effect periodontal treatment?

Answer 5

• If they are stable, effects are the same as non-diabetics.
• Treat early
• Avoid hypoglycemia
• May need to change insulin
• Know what to do in case of emergencies.

Question 6

What are the effects of pregnancy on periodontitis?

Answer 6

• Estrogen effects salivary peroxidases.
• Estrogen increases collagen metabolisms.
• Increased vascular response and inflammatory mediators.
• increased gingival inflammation
• increased bleeding with gingivitis.

Question 7

Can pregnancy cause periodontitis?

Answer 7

No! It only exacerbates the already present disease.

Question 8

What is the effect on microbiota during pregnancy?

Answer 8

Increased P. intermedia.

Question 9

What is the effect on host of pregnancy and periodontitis?

Answer 9

• Increased in Vascular permeability
• Decrease in keratinization
• Decrease in PMN chemotaxis and phagocytosis.

Question 10

When is the best time to treat periodontitis during pregnancy?

Answer 10

2nd trimester.

Question 11

What is the effects of menopause and osteoporosis on periodontitis?

Answer 11

Both can alter bone density, and may effect the severity of pre-existing disease.

Question 12

Smoking and disease is directly related to what?

Answer 12

Dose of smoking.

Question 13

What are current smokers, former smokers, and non smokers?

Answer 13

Current: Smoked >100 cigs and currently smoke
Former: Smoked >cigs and dont currently smoke
Non: not smoked >100 cigs and not currently smoke.

Question 14

What is the most significant feature of smoking on periodontitis?

Answer 14

Gingival inflammation and bleeding actually goes down.

Question 15

Smoking may be responsible for how many cases of periodontitis cases?

Answer 15

more than half.

Question 16

Smoking in younger individuals is associated with what?

Answer 16

Increased severity of generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Question 17

What are the effects of smoking on etiology of periodontal disease?

Answer 17

• No effect on plaque accumulation.

- Increased levels of pathogens in deep pockets and colonization of pathogens in shallow pockets.

Question 18

What are the effects of smoking of periodontal therapy?

Answer 18

Decreased response to all therapy.
Increased risk for tooth loss
Tend to have progressive or recurrent disease.

Question 19

In regards to implants, how does smoking effect it?

Answer 19

Increased risk for failure.