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ENG > Chapter Test #02 > Flashcards

Chapter Test #02 Flashcards

1
Q

Define neologism.

A

Neologism is a new word, new expression or a new meaning of a word.

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2
Q

Define etymology.

A

Etymology is the study of the origin and history of a word.

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3
Q

Define coinage.

A

Coinage is the invention of totally new words. Most are typically derived from invented trade names.

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4
Q

Provide examples for coinage.

A

nylon, zipper, kleenex, band-aid, xerox, google

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5
Q

Define eponyms.

A

Eponyms are new words based on the name of a person or a place.

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6
Q

Provide examples for eponyms.

A

sandwich, jeans, fahrenheit, volt

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7
Q

Define borrowing.

A

Borrowing is the taking over of words from other language. English has adopted a vast number of words from other countries.

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8
Q

What language is armada borrowed from?

A

Spanish

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9
Q

What language is boondock borrowed from?

A

Filipino

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10
Q

What language is croissant borrowed from?

A

French

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11
Q

What language is dope borrowed from?

A

Dutch

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12
Q

What language is tattoo borrowed from?

A

Tahitian

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13
Q

What language is lilac borrowed from?

A

Persian

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14
Q

What language is piano borrowed from?

A

Italian

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15
Q

What language is pretzel borrowed from?

A

German

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16
Q

What language is sofa borrowed from?

A

Arabic

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17
Q

What language is tycoon borrowed from?

A

Japanese

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18
Q

What language is yogurt borrowed from?

A

Turkish

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19
Q

What Hungarian words were borrowed from English?

A

sport, klub, futbol

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20
Q

What Japanese words were borrowed from English?

A

suupaaamaaketto, taipuraitaa

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21
Q

Define loan translation.

A

Loan translation is a direct translation of the element of a word into the borrowing language.

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22
Q

Provide the loan translations of skyscraper in French.

A

gratte-ciel (“scrape-sky”)

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23
Q

Provide the loan translations of skyscraper in Dutch.

A

wolkenkrabber (“glout-scratcher”)

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24
Q

Provide the loan translations of skyscraper in German.

A

wolkenkratzer (“cloud scraper”)

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25
Q

Provide the loan translations of boyfriend in Japanese.

A

boyifurendo

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26
Q

Provide the loan translations of boyfriend in Chinese.

A

nan pengyu

27
Q

Define compounding.

A

Compounding is joining of two separate word to produce a single form.

28
Q

Name the three semantic relations of compounding

A

Endocentric compounding, exocentric compounding and coordinate compounding.

29
Q

Define endocentric compounding.

A

Endocentric compound is where the head name is the type while the compound name is the subtype.

30
Q

Provide examples for endocentric compounding.

A

teapot, fog-lamp

31
Q

Define exocentric compounding.

A

Exocentric compounding is where the type is not represented.

32
Q

Provide examples for exocentric compounding.

A

deadhead, redhead, pickpocket

33
Q

Define coordinate compounding.

A

Coordinate compounding is where both are equal heads.

34
Q

Provide examples for coordinate compounding.

A

teacher-student, bittersweet, producer-director

35
Q

Define rhyming compounds.

A

Rhyming compounds are from two rhyming words.

36
Q

Provide examples of rhyming compounds.

A

lovey-dovey, chiller-killer

37
Q

Define blending.

A

Blending is the combination of two separate forms to produce a new word.

38
Q

Provide examples for blending.

A

gasohol, smog, infotainment, podcast, simulcast, telecast, telethon, webinar, Franglais, Spanglish, telex, bit, modem

39
Q

Define clipping.

A

Clipping is shortening a polysyllabic word.

40
Q

Name the three types of clipping.

A

Fore-clipping, middle clipping and back-clipping.

41
Q

Provide an example for fore-clipping.

A

gator from alligator

42
Q

Provide an example for back-clipping

A

gas from gasoline

43
Q

Provide an example for middle clipping

A

flu from influenza

44
Q

Define hypocorism.

A

Hypocorism is reducing a word and adding “-y” or “-ie”. This is favored in British and Australian English.

45
Q

Define backformation

A

Backformation is when a type of a word is reduced to another type.

46
Q

Provide examples for backformation.

A

emote from emotion, opt from option and televise from television

47
Q

Define conversion.

A

Conversion is a change in the function of a word.

48
Q

Provide examples for conversion.

A

bottle, butter, dust, chair, buy, guess, hit, impact, must, spy, printout, wannabe, stand-up

49
Q

Define stress shift.

A

Stress shift is a change in stress pronunciation.

50
Q

Provide examples for stress shift.

A

record, perfect, concrete

51
Q

Define acronyms

A

Acronyms are words that are formed from the initials of a set of words.

52
Q

Enumerate the three types of acronyms.

A

Acronym, initialism, pseudo-initialism

53
Q

Define and provide examples for acronym (type).

A

Acronyms are pronounced as single word. Examples are zip, laser, radar.

54
Q

Define and provide examples for initialism.

A

Initialisms are pronounced as sequence of letters. Examples are FBI, DNA, ATM, PIN.

55
Q

Define and provide examples for pseudo-initialism.

A

Pseudo-initialism consists of a sequence of characters that form a longer phrase. Examples are URAQT, CU and IOU.

56
Q

Define derivation.

A

Derivation is composed of large numbers of small “bits” of the English language, generally ascribed to affixes.

57
Q

Provide examples for infixes.

A

absogodalutely, singabloodypore, godtripledammit

58
Q

What is the infix used by Kahmu language

A

“-rn-“

59
Q

What is the expanded form of scuba?

A

self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

60
Q

What is the expanded form of laser?

A

light amplification by stimulated emission radiation

61
Q

What is the expanded form of radar?

A

radio detection and ranging

62
Q

What is the Spanish for “moment of truth”?

A

momento de la verdad

63
Q

What is the expanded form of DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

ENG (4 decks)

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