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Oral Pathology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common tumor of the oral cavity?

A

Fibroma.

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2
Q

What is a fibroma?

A

Reactive hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue in response to local irritation or trauma.

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3
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Fibroma.

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4
Q

What is the name for a fibrous tumor with distinct features, not associated with chronic irritation and has a predilecition for the gingiva at a younger age?

A

Giant cell fibroma.

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5
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Giant cell fibroma.

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6
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Retrocuspid papilla.

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7
Q

What is the name for tumor-like hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue due to an ill-fitting denture?

A

Clinical Dx is Epulis Fissuratum.

Histological Dx is inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.

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8
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Epulis Fissuratum. (This is the Clinical Dx)

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9
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia.

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10
Q

What is the term for reactive tissue growth that develops under a denture?

A

Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia.

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11
Q

Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia is often associated with what type of infection?

A

candidial infection.

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12
Q

What is the name for the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis?

What population is it most common in and where will it occur?

A

Oral Focal Mucinosis.

Most common in young females and 2/3 occur on the gingiva with 1/3 on hard palate.

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13
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Oral focal mucinosis.

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14
Q

What are the 4 differentials for a bump on the gums?

A

3 Ps and IFH

Pyogenic granuloma

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia

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15
Q

What is the term for a reactive lesion to local irritation or trauma?

How does the lesion usually present?

What group will it usually occur in?

A

Pyogenic granuloma NOTE this is not a true granuloma.

Usually presents as ulcerated lesions and bleed easily.

Female predilection and often pregnant giving it name pregnancy tumor or granuloma gravidarum.

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16
Q

What is the name for the type of lesion that is caused due to local irritation and occurs exclusively on the gingiva or edentulous alveolar ridge, may also produce a cupping resorption of the underlying alveolar bone?

A

Peripheral giant cell granuloma.

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17
Q

What is the difference between peripheral giant cell granuloma and central giant cell granuloma?

A

Central giant cell granuloma will involve the medullary bone.

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18
Q

What is the term for a nudular mass that is usually originating from the dental papilla?

What is the treatment?

A

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

Excision down to the periosteum and scale adjacent teeth.

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19
Q

What is the term for a benign fat tumor?

What will aid in the Dx?

A

Lipoma.

They will float in formalin.

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20
Q

What is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm?

A

Lipoma.

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21
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Peripheral giant cell granuloma NOTE it is more bluish.

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22
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Peripheral ossifying fibroma.

23
Q

What is the term for benign tumor of nerve origin?

A

Neuroma.

24
Q

What are the two forms of neuroma and where will it occur?

A

Traumatic neuroma and palisaded encapsuated neuroma.

Most common in mental foramen.

25
Q

What is the term for a benign neural neoplasm of Schwann cell origin?

A

Schwannoma.

26
Q

Describe the two histological features of scwannoma.

A

Antoni A: Streaming fascicles of spindle-shaped Schwann cells which form a palisaded arrangement around central acellular, eosinophilic areas known as Verocay bodies.

Antoni B: Everything that is not Antoni A.

27
Q

What is the most common type of peripheral nerve neoplasm?

A

Neurofibroma.

28
Q

What is the plexiform variant of neurofibroma?

What are both of its names?

A

Neurofibromatosis type I.

Also called von Recklinghausen’s disease of the skin.

29
Q

What is the pathology that has the description of feeling like a bag of worms?

A

Neurofibromatosis type I

30
Q

What are the Dx criteria for neurofibromatosis type I?

A

Must have at least 2 of the following:

Six or more café au lait macules

“Coast of California”

Two or more NF or one plexiform NF

Freckling in the axillary region (Crowe’s sign)

Optic glioma

Two or more iris hamartomas (Lisch nodules- iris hamartomas which is a proliferation of normal tissue in area creating a mass, it is a proliferation of multiple tissue types)

Osseous lesion such as sphenoid dysplasia

First-degree relative with NF1

31
Q

What is the term for a system complex characterized by adrenal gland tumors, thyroid tumors, and mucosal neuromas with a predilection for the oral cavity?

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B.

32
Q

What is typically the first sign of multiple endocrine neoplasia?

What are the two significant presentations?

A

Oral mucosal neuromas are typically the first sign.

Presentations are marfanoid build with thin elongated limbs and bilateral neuromas of the commissural mucosa.

33
Q

What is the pathology that is considered a rare pigmented tumor, presents with a black/blue color and will give high urinary levels of vanillylmandelic acid?

A

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy.

34
Q

What is the benign soft tissue neoplasm that shows a predilection for the oral cavity?

A

Granular cell tumor.

35
Q

Where is the most common site for a granular cell tumor?

A

Dorsal surface of the tongue.

36
Q

What is significant about the tumors of a granular cell tumor? (2 things)

A

Exhibit significant pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.

Will also be s-100 positive.

37
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B

38
Q

Where will a congenital epulis occur?

A

Occurs almost exclusively on the alveolar ridges of newborns, most frequently of the developing lateral incisor-canine area.

39
Q

T/F congenital epulis is S-100 positive.

A

False, Granular cell tumor is S-100 positive.

40
Q

What is the most common tumor of infancy?

Where is the most common location?

What are the two types?

A

Hemangioma.

Most common location is the head/neck.

Types: Capillary- may not blanch clinically, usually red in color. Cavernous- Typically blanch, darker red to purple.

41
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Sturge-weber angiomatosis.

42
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Hemangioma.

43
Q

What is the term for a rare, non-hereditary, developmental condition that has unilateral dustribution along one or more segments of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sturge-Weber angiomatosis.

44
Q

What is the term for the dermal vascular malformation of Sturge-Weber angiomatosis?

T/F All patients will present with this.

A

Port wine stain or nevus flammeus.

False.

45
Q

What type of disorder is Sturge-Weber angiomatosis usually associated with?

A

Convulsive disorder.

46
Q

What is a benign tumor of lymphatic vessels?

What are the two types?

A

Lymphangioma.

Cavernous: lymphangiomas are more frequently found in mouth

Cystic: Lymphangiomas mos often occur in the neck.

47
Q

What is a bengign tumor of smooth muscle?

Where does it most often occur?

A

Leiomyoma.

Uterus, GI tract, Skin.

48
Q

What is the likely Dx?

A

Lymphangioma.

49
Q

What is a benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle?

What is the term for the rare form that has predilection for H&N?

What are the two types?

A

Rhabdomyoma.

Extracardiac rhabdomyoma.

Adult: mostly occur in men.

Fetal: Mostly occur in males.

50
Q

What is the type of sarcoma caused by HHV-8?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma.

51
Q

What are the four clinical presentations of Kapasi’s Sarcoma?

A

Classical: 80% in older men. Italian, jewish, or slavic descent. multiple, asymptomatic blue-purple macules on the lower extremities which grow into nodules.

Endemic: Benign nodular, aggressive, florid, lymphadenopathic.

Iatrogenic immunosuppression associated: Most common in organ transplants, 0.5% renal transplants.

AIDS related:

52
Q

What is a malignancy of skeletal muscle?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma.

53
Q

What is the significance of Batson’s plexus?

A

It is a valveless vertebral venous plexus that might allow retrograde spread of tumor cells and bypass the lungs during metastases.

54
Q

What are the most common sites for metastases of the oral soft tissues?

A

Gingiva most common followed by tongue.

Oral Pathology (17 decks)

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