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Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of matter, its properties and the changes that matter undergoes

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

The physical material of the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space

A

Matter

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3
Q

Any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and distinguish it from other types

A

Property

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4
Q

Small building blocks of matter

A

Atoms

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5
Q

Two or more atoms joined in specific shapes

A

Molecules

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6
Q

How is matter classified

A

1) physical state

2) composition

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7
Q

What are the states of matter

A

Gas, liquid, solid

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8
Q

Matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

A

Pure substance

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9
Q

Substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances

A

Elements

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10
Q

Substances composed of two or more elements( contain two or more kinds of atoms)

A

Compounds

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11
Q

Combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity

A

Mixture

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12
Q

How many elements are known

A

118

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13
Q

The elemental composition of a compound is always the same; stated by Joseph Proust

A

Law of constant composition

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14
Q

Homogeneous mixtures

A

Solutions

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15
Q

Can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance

A

Physical properties

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16
Q

Describe the way a substance may change or react to form other substances

A

Chemical properties

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17
Q

Do not depend on the amount of sample being examined and are useful to identify substances

A

Intensive properties

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18
Q

Depend on the amount of sample ex/ mass and volume

A

Extensive properties

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19
Q

Substance changes it’s physics appearance but not is composition

A

Physical change

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20
Q

Substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

A

Chemical change

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21
Q

Separation process that depends on the different abilities of substances to form gases

A

Distillation

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22
Q

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

A

Energy

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23
Q

The energy transferred when a force exerted in an object causes a displacement of that object

A

Work

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24
Q

Energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase

A

Heat

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25
Q

Definition of work

A

w= F x d

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26
Q

Any push or pull exerted on the object

A

Force

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27
Q

The energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

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28
Q

Formula for kinetic energy

A

Ek = 1/2 mv ^2

29
Q

The kinetic energy of an object ____________ as its velocity or speed increases

A

Increases

30
Q

Stored energy that arises from the attractions and repulsions an object experiences in relation to other objects

A

Potential energy

31
Q

Arises from the interactions between charged particles

A

Electrostatic potential energy

32
Q

Chemical energy is __________ when bonds between atoms are formed

A

Released

33
Q

Chemical energy is _____________ when bonds between atoms are broken

A

Consumed

34
Q

Unit and abbreviation for length

A

Meter; m

35
Q

Unit and abbreviation for mass

A

Kilogram; kg

36
Q

Unit and abbreviation for temperature

A

Kelvin, K

37
Q

Unit and abbreviation for amount of substance

A

Mole; mol

38
Q

Unit and abbreviation for electric current

A

Ampere; amp

39
Q

Unit and abbreviation for luminous intensity

A

Candela; cd

40
Q

Prefix and meaning for P

A

Peta; 10^15

41
Q

Prefix and meaning for T

A

Tera; 10^12

42
Q

Prefix and meaning for G

A

Giga; 10^9

43
Q

Prefix and meaning for M

A

Mega; 10^6

44
Q

Prefix and meaning for k

A

Kilo; 10^3

45
Q

Prefix and meaning for d

A

Deci; 10^-1

46
Q

Prefix and meaning for c

A

Centi ; 10^-2

47
Q

Prefix and meaning for m

A

Milli; 10^-3

48
Q

Prefix and meaning for ub

A

Micro; 10^-6

49
Q

Prefix and meaning for n

A

Nano; 10^-9

50
Q

Prefix and meaning for p

A

Pico; 10^-12

51
Q

Prefix and meaning for f

A

Femto; 10^-15

52
Q

Prefix and meaning for a

A

Atto; 10^-18

53
Q

Prefix and meaning for z

A

Zepto; 10^-21

54
Q

On the Celsius scale, absolute zero has the value _________

A

-273.15 C

55
Q

Kelvin formula for Celsius

A

K = C + 273.15

56
Q

Celsius to F conversion

A

F = 9/5 (C) +32

57
Q

F to C conversion

A

C = 5/9 (F-32)

58
Q

Volume formula

A

L^3

59
Q

The amount of mass in a unit volume of a substance

A

Density

60
Q

Density formula

A

Density = mass / volume

61
Q

Unit for energy

A

Joule

62
Q

Unit of energy- amount of energy needed to raise temperature

A

Calorie

63
Q

1 cal = ___________ J

A

4.184

64
Q

Uncertainties always exist in ___________ quantities

A

Measured

65
Q

Measure if how closely individual measurements agree with one another

A

Precision

66
Q

Refers to how closely individual measurements agree with the correct value

A

Accuracy

67
Q

For addition and subtraction

A

Fewest decimal places

68
Q

For multiplication and division

A

Fewest significant figures

69
Q

Method of problem solving in which units are multiplied together or divided into eachother along with numerical values

A

Dimensional analysis

Chemistry (13 decks)

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