Chapter 2

Question 1

the smallest representative particle of an element

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

four components of Dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 2

1)all matter is made of atoms(atoms are indivisible and indestructible 2)all atoms of a given elements are identical in mass and properties 3)compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms 4)a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms

Question 3

who showed that cathode rays consist of particles(electrons) that conduct electricity

Answer 3

J.J. Thomson

Question 4

radiation emitted when a voltage is applied between two metal plates inside a glass tube filled with low pressure gas

Answer 4

cathode rays

Question 5

who concluded that electrons are part of atoms

Answer 5

J.J. Thomson

Question 6

who demonstrated that there are two distinct types of radiation and discovered that radioactive preparations gave rise to the formation of gases

Answer 6

Ernest Rutherford

Question 7

what is the revolutionary theory that Rutherford and Soddy formulated

Answer 7

elements could disintegrate and be transformed into other elemnts

Question 8

who advanced the hypothesis that helium gas could be formed from radioactive substances

Answer 8

Ernest Rutherford

Question 9

what three empirical laws did Dalton know

Answer 9

1)the law of conservation of mass 2)the law of constant composition of compounds 3)the empirical law of multiple proportions

Question 10

who adapted Rutherford’s nuclear structure to fit with Max Planck’s quantum theory and obtained a theory of atomic structure which remains valid today

Answer 10

Niels Bohr

Question 11

what is the charge on an electron and a proton

Answer 11

1.602 x10^-19 C

Question 12

the charge carried across a surface by a steady current of one ampere in one second; SI unit of electric charge

Answer 12

C, coulomb

Question 13

because atoms are so small, when we deal with mass of an atom we usually speak in terms of what

Answer 13

atomic mass unit(amu) aka a Dalton

Question 14

weight of a proton

Answer 14

1.0073 amus

Question 15

weight of a neutron

Answer 15

1.0087 amus

Question 16

weight of an electron

Answer 16

5.486 x 10^-4 amus

Question 17

if an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes _______ ______ _______

Answer 17

positively charges ion

Question 18

if an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes ________ ______ ______

Answer 18

negatively charged ion

Question 19

elements with different atomic masses

Answer 19

isotopes

Question 20

the subscript is

Answer 20

atomic number

Question 21

the superscript is

Answer 21

mass number

Question 22

tells us the number of protons; same as giving the symbol for the element and is often left off

Answer 22

atomic number

Question 23

indicates the number of protons and neutrons combined

Answer 23

mass number

Question 24

atomic weight is more commonly referred to as

Answer 24

relative atomic mass

Question 25

the weighted average of the masses of isotopes in the naturally occurring element relative to the mass of an atom of the carbon -12 isotope which is taken to be exactly 12

Answer 25

relative atomic mass

Question 26

most of the elements are ______

Answer 26

metals

Question 27

what are the main types of metals

Answer 27

alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, basic metals, transition metals

Question 28

metal group on the far left side of the periodic table, exhibit common physical metal properties, lower densities, one electron in their outer shell, largest atomic radii, low ionization and high reactivity, react readily with nonmetals

Answer 28

alkali metals

Question 29

what are some of the alkali metals

Answer 29

hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium

Question 30

second column on periodic table, low electronegativites, two electrons in outer shell, smaller atomic radii, readily lose the electrons to form divalent cations, reactive, hard and shiny

Answer 30

alkaline earth metals

Question 31

what are some of the alkaline earth metals

Answer 31

beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium

Question 32

display characteristic people generally associate with the term metal

Answer 32

basic metals

Question 33

what are some of the basic metals

Answer 33

aluminum, gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, bismuth

Question 34

characterized by partially filled d or f subshells, display multiple oxidation states, some occur in pure form

Answer 34

transition metals

Question 35

the ability of a metal to be hammered into shape

Answer 35

malleability

Question 36

ability of a metal to be drawn into wire

Answer 36

ductility

Question 37

these are good heat and electrical conductors

Answer 37

metals

Question 38

these are located on the upper tight side of the periodic table

Answer 38

nonmetals

Question 39

what are the types of non metals

Answer 39

noble gases, halogens, semimetals

Question 40

aka inert gases, relatively nonreactive, complete valence shell, high ionization energies and negligible electronegativites, low boiling points

Answer 40

noble gases

Question 41

seven valence shell electrons, exhibit highly variable physical properties, range from solid to liquid at room temp, chemical properties are more uniform, high electronegativites, form ionic crystals

Answer 41

halogens

Question 42

exhibit characteristics of both metals and nonmetals, reactivity depends on the element it is reacting with, density and boiling points vary,

Answer 42

semimetals or metalloids

Question 43

what are the two blocks of rare earth metals

Answer 43

lanthanides and actinides