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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 1 Rodriguez > Flashcards

Exam 1 Rodriguez Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

what the body does to the drug. What happens to the drug as it moves through the body. Eg: metabolism, absorption and elimination.

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2
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

Property of drug to penetrate the site and deliver effects. Eg: clinical response, toxicity, effectiveness of drug.

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3
Q

What is the most common form of ocular administration?

A

topical

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4
Q

What are the primary goals of topical drugs?

A

extend contact time, increase trans-corneal absorption, Decrease systemic absorption.

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5
Q

How can there be systemic absorption through topical drugs in the eyes?

A

Conjunctival vessels, punctum and nasal mucosa, episcleral vessels

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6
Q

What drugs have yellow or blue caps?

A

B-blockers

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7
Q

What drugs have red caps?

A

Mydriatics (dilation) and cyclopegics

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8
Q

What drugs have green caps?

A

Miotics (constriction)

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9
Q

What drugs have orange caps?

A

CAIs (Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

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10
Q

What drugs have gray caps?

A

NSAIDs

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11
Q

What drugs have pink caps?

A

steroids (lotemax)

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12
Q

What drugs have brown caps?

A

Anti-infective

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13
Q

What drugs have teal caps?

A

Prostaglandins

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14
Q

What are the ideal characteristics of ophthalmic drug delivery systems? (7)

A

1) Corneal penetration
2) Maximized abdorption
3) Simple instillation
4) Reduced frequency of administration
5) good compliance
6) low toxicity and SE
7) ideal concentrations

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15
Q

What type of topical administration is most commonly available?

A

solutions

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16
Q

how much of drug is lost by blinking?

A

80%

thus solution drugs should have a fast dissolution

17
Q

what are suspensions?

A

water insoluble substances suspended in a transport system. Large particles are >10um
EG: steroids

18
Q

What are the benefits to suspensions?

A

There is a longer contact time. Make sure to shake suspension well otherwise there can be precipitation.

19
Q

What are emulsions?

A

oil-water mixture. there is a dispersed phase, a continuous phase and a surfactant that combines both.

20
Q

what are the advantages to an emulsion?

A

no precipitation, no need to shake. enhances bioavailability, ingredients do not oxidase.

21
Q

what are the most common mixtures of emulsions?

A

glycerin, polysorbate 80 and caster oil

22
Q

What are ointments?

A

semisolid and solid hydrocarbons with a base that is petroleum or liquid lanolin
(extended contact time)

23
Q

what are the clinical uses for ointments?

A

children, ocular injuries ( corneal abrasions)

24
Q

If we were using solutions and ointments, how should they be administered?

A

administer solutions before ointments because the other way can blur vision and make application difficult.

25
Q

What are topical gels?

A

semisolid in one phase and 2 phase. increases contact time but blurs vision.

26
Q

What is a 1 phase gel?

A

particles are distributed homogeneously.

27
Q

What is a phase 2 gel?

A

small particles floating in the gel substance

28
Q

What are topical sprays used for?

A

mydriatics or cyclopegics (red cap) in pedriatic patients.

29
Q

What are lid scrubs?

A

cotton tip applicator, gauze, eyelid cleansers.

30
Q

Contact lenses as topical drug

A

used as a bandage. absorbs water soluble drugs, used in corneal erosion, SPK, epithelial defects, corneal dystrophies and wound healing after surgery.

31
Q

What material are topical CLs made from?

A

silicone hydrogel material that has a high oxygen transmission

32
Q

What are cotton pledges?

A

small cotton pieces put in the conjunctival sac. prolongs contact time of drug.

33
Q

What are the clinical uses of cotton pledges?

A

mydriasis and synechias.

34
Q

artificial tears insert

A

used for Dry eye syndrome, behaves like an ointment, called lacriset, releases polymer for 24 hours. Disadvantages include blurry vision

Pharmacology 1 (5 decks)

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