Anatomy - Back, Spine and Spinal Cord

Question 1

Name the extrinsic back muscles

Answer 1

Latissmus dorsi

Trapezius

Rhomboids

Levator scapulae

Question 2

What do the extrinsic back muscles attach the back to?

Answer 2

Pectoral girdle

Question 3

What do the extrinsic back muscles do?

Answer 3

Move the upper limb

Question 4

Label the extrinsic back muscles.

Answer 4

Question 5

Name the superficial intrinsic back muscles.

Answer 5

Erector spinae (3 vertical muscle groups located lateral to the spine)

Question 6

What do the intrinsic muscles of the back do?

Answer 6

Maintain back posture and extend the spine

Question 7

Name the deep intrinsic back muscles.

Answer 7

Transversospinalis

Question 8

Where is the transversospinalis muscle located?

Answer 8

Within the grooves between the transverse and spinous processes

Question 9

What is the nerve supply of the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 9

Segmental nerve supply (as per dermatome/,myotome pattern)

Posterior rami branches

Question 10

Name these intrinsic back muscles.

Answer 10

Question 11

What muscles flex the spine?

Answer 11

Psoas major

Rectus abdominis

Question 12

What does the vertebral arch consist of?

Answer 12

2 pedicles

2 lamina

Question 13

Name the processes on this typical vertebra.

Answer 13

Question 14

What forms between adjacent vertebrae? (Spinal nerves found here)

Answer 14

Intervertebral foramen

Question 15

Where can a facet joint be found?

Answer 15

Between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae

Question 16

In which direction do intervertebral discs tend to herniate?

Answer 16

Posteriorly

Question 17

Between which vertebrae are there NO intervertebral discs?

Answer 17

C1-C2

the fused sacrum and coccyx

Question 18

What is the outer fibrous ring of the IV discs called and what is its purpose?

Answer 18

Annulus fibrosis

Provides strong bond

Question 19

What is the inner soft pulp of IV discs called and what is its purpose?

Answer 19

Nucleus polposus

Flexibility and protection

Question 20

How does each disc allow movement?

Answer 20

Small amounts of movement at each disc but summation produces larger movement

Question 21

Name the ligament that connects adjacent laminae posterior to spinal cord?

Answer 21

Ligamentum flavum

Question 22

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament do?

Answer 22

Prevents over flexion of the spine

Question 23

What ligament prevents over extension of the spine?

Answer 23

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 24

What ligament connects tips of spinous processes?

Answer 24

Supraspinous ligament

Question 25

What does the interspinous ligament do?

Answer 25

Connect superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes

Question 26

What vertebra doesnt have a body or spinous process?

Answer 26

C1 - Atlas

Question 27

Name this vertebra.

Answer 27

C1 - Atlas

Question 28

What special feature does C2 (Axis) have?

Answer 28

odontoid process, projecting superiorly from body

Question 29

What is the first palpable spinous process in 70% of people?

Answer 29

C7 - vertebrae prominens

Question 30

How can the spinal cord sometimes be spared in a cervical spine dislocation?

Answer 30

vertebral canals are much larger than elsewhere in the spine

Question 31

What type of joint is the atlantooccipital joint?

Answer 31

Synovial

Question 32

What movements does the atlantooccipital joint carry out?

Answer 32

Flexion and extension of the neck

A little lateral flexion and rotation

Question 33

What is the main movement of the atlanto axial joints?

Answer 33

Rotation

Question 34

What feature of the sacrum is more prominent in males?

Answer 34

Sacral promontory

Question 35

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 35

L1/2

Question 36

What happens if erector spinae contrcts bilaterally? unilaterally?

Answer 36

bilaterally - extension of spine

unilaterally - lateral flexion

Question 37

Label the ligaments.

Answer 37

Question 38

Label the ligaments

Answer 38

Question 39

What roots make up the cauda equina?

Answer 39

L2 to C0