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Physiology > Cell and Membrane Physiology > Flashcards

Cell and Membrane Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of how organisms work

A

Human physiology

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2
Q

Concerned with the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that makes it a living thing

A

Human physiology

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3
Q

Views on human physiology

A

Mechanist view

Vitalist view

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4
Q

Focuses on mechanism and causality

A

Mechanist view

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5
Q

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”

A

Vitalist view

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6
Q

Maintenance of static or constant conditions (not necessarily normal or healthy) in the internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

T or F: Stability is achieved by balancing inputs and outputs

A

T

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8
Q

Positive feedback results in?

A

Increase in stimulus

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9
Q

Negative feedback results in?

A

Decrease in stimulus

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10
Q

T or F: Homeostatic control systems can maintain complete constancy

A

F, Homeostasis CAN’T maintain complete constancy

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11
Q

T or F: Normal values of regulated variables can be reset depending on external conditions

A

T

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12
Q

The body knows which systems and fxns to maintain in case of emergency

A

Hierarchy or importance

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13
Q

Fxn in the nucleus as transcription factors to alter rate of transcription of particular genes

Hydrophobic messengers (lipid-soluble)

A

Intracellular receptors

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14
Q

Most important system in the human body

A

Endocrine system (bec of hormones)

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15
Q

Lipid-insoluble messengers

A

Plasma membrane receptors

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16
Q

Types of plasma membrane receptors

A

Ion channels
Enzymes
Receptors that bind to and activate cytoplasmic JAK kinase
Receptors that activate G-proteins

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17
Q

Total body water

A

60% of total body weight

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18
Q

Fxns of cell membrane

A

Regulates passage of substance
Detects chemical msgrs
Link adjacent cells (via junctions)
Anchor cells to the ECM

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19
Q

General composition of cell membrane

A

Lipid + Protein

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20
Q

Lipid composition of membrane

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

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21
Q

[TYPES OF LIPID]

Major lipid component

A

Phospholipids

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22
Q

[TYPES OF LIPID]

Fluidity buffer

Maintains the structure of the bilayer at normal body temperature

A

Cholesterol

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23
Q

[TYPES OF PROTEIN]

Embedded to the cell membrane

Interaction with membrane can be disrupted by detergents

A

Integral or intrinsic protein

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24
Q

[TYPES OF PROTEIN]

Attached to integral proteins

Can be removed by altering the ionic composition of the environment

A

Peripheral or extrinsic protein

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25
Q

Types of Membrane Junctions

A

Gap junction
Tigh junction
Desmosomes

26
Q

[TYPES OF MEMBRANE JUNCTION]

Large
Non-discriminating (allow various molecules and ions to pass freely between cells)

A

Gap junctions

27
Q

[TYPES OF MEMBRANE JUNCTION]

For ions
Cation-selective
Hold cells together

A

Tight junctions

28
Q

[TYPES OF MEMBRANE JUNCTION]

Serves as a filtering mechanism for substances

A

Desmosomes

29
Q

Composition of ECF and ICF

A

Potassium (ICM)
Sodium (ECM)

PISO (Potassium Inside, Sodium Out)

30
Q

Types of Membrane Transport

A

Simple diffusion

Mediated transport

31
Q

[TYPES OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT]

High to low conc
No energy reqd
Transport through lipid bilayer or protein channel

A

Simple diffusion

32
Q

[TYPES OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT]

Kinetic movement of molecules or ions occurs through a membrane opening withoutcarrier protein interaction

A

Simple diffusion

33
Q

Types of Mediated Transport

A

Facilitated diffusion
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport

34
Q

[TYPE OF MEDIATED TRANSPORT]

High to low conc
Transport is achieved through carriers
Saturated

A

Facilitated diffusion

35
Q

[TYPE OF MEDIATED TRANSORT]

Low to high conc
Requires energy
Direct use of ATP

A

Primary active transport

36
Q

Example of Primary Active Transport

A

Na-K ATPase

37
Q

[TYPE OF MEDIATED TRANSPORT]

Low to high conc
Utilizes an established transport system
Presence of gradient
Indirect use of ATP

A

Secondary active transport

38
Q

Example of Secondary Active Transport

A

Na-Ca channel

39
Q

2 types of secondary active transport

A

Cotransport (same direction)

Antiport (opposite direction)

40
Q

Factors that alter protein channel conformations

A

Ligand-gated
Voltage-gated
Mechanosensitive channel

41
Q

Channel that opens by the binding of chemical substance with the protein

A

Ligand-gated channel

42
Q

Channel that opens through changes in the electrochemical gradient

Cation-selective

A

Voltage-gated channel

43
Q

Channel that opens due to physical forces affecting the cell membrane

A

Mechanosensitive channel

44
Q

Factors that affect net flux

A

Temperature
Mass of molecule
Surface area
Medium through which the molecules are moving
Thickness of the membrane
Physical characteristics of the molecules or ions

45
Q

Net diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

46
Q

T or F: high solute, high water concentration

A

F: high solute, low water conc

47
Q

Total solute concentration in a solution

A

Osmolarity

48
Q

Total concentration of nonpermeable solutes

A

Tonicity

49
Q

Water conc outside < inside

Cell swelling

A

Hypotonic

50
Q

Water conc inside < outside

Cell shrinking

A

Hypertonic

51
Q

No change in the cell

A

Isotonic

52
Q

Can a hypotonic solution also be isotonic?

A

Yes

53
Q

Types of vesicular transport

A

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

54
Q

[TYPE OF VESICULAR TRANSPORT]

Uses a lot of energy
Go into the cell

A

Endocytosis

55
Q

[TYPE OF VESICULAR TRANSPORT]

Go outside the cell

Solute and water released from the cell

A

Exocytosis

58
Q

[TYPE OF ENDOCYTOTIC TRANSPORT]

Cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

59
Q

[TYPE OF ENDOCYTOTIC TRANSPORT]

Molecules bind to specific receptors on the surface of the cell

A

Receptor-mediated transport

60
Q

Proteins that coat the undersurface of the cell membrane

A

Clathtrin

61
Q

Types of endocytotic transport

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated transport

62
Q

[TYPE OF ENDOCYTOTIC TRANSPORT]

Cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

Physiology (4 decks)

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