6.2 Amines & Amino Acids (completed) Flashcards
What is the amines general formula?
R-NH2
What is a primary amine?
NH2 group bonded to one R group
What is a secondary amine?
NH group bonded to two R groups
What is a tertiary amine?
N bonded to three R groups
Are amines soluble in water?
Yes, hydrogen bonds form between the Hydrogen in the amine group to the lone pair on the oxygen and from the lone pair on the nitrogen to the hydrogen in water
How do you name amines?
N-methyl (means there is a methyl group on the nitrogen)
Butan-2-amine (position of nitrogen from second carbon)
What is the pH of an amine
Basic,
The lone pair on the nitrogen makes them basic and a H+ acceptor
What is the reaction of amines with acids?
They produce a salt in a neutralisation reaction but no water
C6H5NH3+Cl-
How can amines be prepared?
From haloalkanes using ethanolic ammonia and nucleophilic substitution under reflux
What is the reaction of haloalkanes with ammonia?
Reagent: aqueous alcoholic ammonia
Conditions: reflux
Product: amine (but also it’s salt due to then a reaction with the acid)
Nucleophile: Ammonia
How would you produce a secondary amine?
Produce a primary amine by nucleophilic substitution with ammonia
Then react this again with another haloalkane
How do you produce aromatic amines?
By reducing aromatic nitro compounds
Sn/HCl (conc) Reflux then NaOH
Also produces water
How do you produce amines from nitriles?
Hydrogen and Nickel Catalyst
What are amino acids?
Organic compounds with two functional group
Amino group NH2
Carboxyl group COOH
What are a-amino acids?
Where the carboxylic acid and amine are attached to the same carbon
