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Organismal Bio 111 > Exam 1 - Outline 4 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Outline 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Variation-

  1. There are many different kinds of __________
  2. __________ within each kind of organism
A
  • organisms

- Variability

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2
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Stability
1. We have a great amount of __________ within kinds of organisms

A

stability

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3
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Genetics/DNA (__________)

  1. Differences in DNA give variety
  2. Similarity in DNA give stability
A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Genetics/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

  1. Differences in DNA give __________
  2. Similarity in DNA give __________
A
  • variety

- stability

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5
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Genetics/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

  1. __________ in DNA give variety
  2. __________ in DNA give stability
A
  • Differences

- Similarity

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6
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

__________ :

a. Long, thread-like (shaped) molecule tightly coiled into chromosomes
b. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is mostly found in the nucleus of each cell

A

DNA

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7
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

DNA:

a. Long, thread-like (shaped) molecule tightly coiled into __________
b. In __________ cells, DNA is mostly found in the nucleus of each cell

A
  • chromosomes

- eukaryotic

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8
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

DNA:

a. Long, __________ (shaped) molecule tightly coiled into chromosomes
b. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is mostly found in the __________ of each cell

A
  • thread-like

- nucleus

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9
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

Chromosomes

a. DNA molecule
b. Every species has a specific number of __________ (come in pairs)

A

chromosomes

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10
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

Chromosomes

a. DNA molecule
b. Every species has a specific number of chromosomes (come in __________ )

A

pairs

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11
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

number of chromosomes:
Humans = ___ (___ pairs)

A
  • 46

- 23

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12
Q

Number of chromosomes does NOT indicate organism __________

A

complexity

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13
Q

__________ -

-Specific regions of DNA located literally on specific chromosomes and any one chromosome can have hundreds or thousands of genes arranged in a line along the DNA strand

A

Genes;

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14
Q

Genes;

-Specific regions of DNA located literally on specific __________ and any one chromosome can have hundreds or thousands of genes arranged in a line along the __________ strand

A
  • chromosomes

- DNA

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15
Q

Genes;

-Specific regions of DNA located literally on specific chromosomes and any one __________ can have hundreds or thousands of __________ arranged in a line along the DNA strand

A
  • chromosome

- genes

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16
Q

Diploid (___) = 2 of each kind of chromosome

  • “___” = number of different kinds of chromosomes
A
  • 2n

- n

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17
Q

Diploid (2n) = 2 of each kind of __________

  • “n” = number of different __________ of chromosomes
A
  • chromosome

- kinds

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18
Q

__________ (2n) = 2 of each kind of chromosome

  • “n” = number of different kinds of chromosomes
A

Diploid

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19
Q

Diploid (2n)

  • Humans have ___ chromosomes, meaning we have 23 different kinds chromosomes and 2 of each __________
A
  • 46

- kind

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20
Q

Diploid (2n)

  • Humans have 46 chromosomes, meaning we have ___ different kinds chromosomes and ___ of each kind
A
  • 23

- 2

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21
Q

Diploid organisms : __________ (mostly)

A

animals

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22
Q

__________ organisms : animals (mostly)

A

Diploid

23
Q

Haploid (noted as “___”) = a cell that has one of each kind of chromosome

A

n

24
Q

Haploid (noted as “n”) = a cell that has one of each kind of __________

A

chromosome

25
Q

__________ (noted as “n”) = a cell that has one of each kind of chromosome

A

Haploid

26
Q

most living things are __________

A

haploid

27
Q

Haploid

  • Ex; Spirogyra = 12 chromosomes
  • ___ different kinds of chromosomes, only _____ of each kind
A
  • 12

- one

28
Q

Haploid

  • Ex; Spirogyra = 12 __________
  • 12 different kinds of chromosomes, only one of each kind
A

chromosomes

29
Q

Haploid organisms:

  • __________
  • most protest
  • most __________
A
  • bacteria

- fungi

30
Q

Haploid organisms:

  • bacteria
  • most __________
  • most fungi
A

protest

31
Q

plants are both (n + 2n) (__________ + __________)

  • __________ of diploid organisms are also haploid
A

sex cells-haploid

-diploid

32
Q

New cells are formed when one cells __________ into two cells

A

divides

33
Q

Natural division of one cell into two cells (division of __________ )
- Cytokinesis (Cell Movement)

A

cytoplasm

34
Q

Natural division of one cell into two cells (division of cytoplasm)
- __________

A

Cytokinesis (Cell Movement)

35
Q

Cytokinesis (__________ )

A

Cell Movement

36
Q

Two different ways that cells divide:

a. An animal cell will pinch in itself in half through a process called __________

A

cleavage

37
Q

Two different ways that cells divide:

a. A plant builds a cell wall between two new cells by __________ of cells forming a cell plate which enlarges

A

coalescence

38
Q

Two different ways that cells divide:

a. A plant __________ a cell wall between two new cells by coalescence of cells forming a cell __________ which enlarges

A
  • builds

- plate

39
Q

Each new cell needs a complete set of __________ to survive, the nucleus which divides the __________, also divides in two

-This is called nuclear division

A
  • genes

- chromosomes

40
Q

Each new cell needs a complete set of genes to survive, the nucleus which divides the chromosomes, also divides in two

-This is called __________

A

nuclear division

41
Q

Cytokinesis + Nuclear division are very closely __________

A

tied

42
Q
  • __________ comes first with __________ immediately following (usually)
A
  • Nuclear division

- Cytokinesis

43
Q

2 kinds of Nuclear division:

  • __________
  • __________
A
  • Mitosis

- Meiosis

44
Q

2 kinds of __________ :

  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
A

Nuclear division

45
Q

__________ -

  • in animals only certain diploid cells in the ovary and testis undergo meiosis

–gametes (egg & sperm)

A

Meiosis

46
Q

Meiosis

  • in animals only certain diploid cells in the __________ and __________ undergo meiosis

–gametes (egg & sperm)

A
  • ovary

- testis

47
Q

Meiosis

  • in animals only certain diploid cells in the ovary and testis undergo meiosis

– __________ (egg & sperm)

A

gametes

48
Q

in most organisms

-(__________, fungi & __________) meiosis produces spores (haploid) not gametes

A
  • protists

- plants

49
Q

in most organisms

-(protists, fungi & plants) meiosis produces __________ (haploid) not __________

A
  • spores

- gametes

50
Q

in most __________

-(protists, fungi & plants) meiosis produces spores (__________) not gametes

A
  • organisms

- haploid

51
Q

__________ (= growth)
2n > 2n
n > n

A

Mitosis

52
Q

__________ (only goes through on diploid cells)

2n > n (4 new cells)

A

Meiosis

53
Q

Meiosis (only goes through on diploid cells)

2n > n (___ new cells)

A

4

Organismal Bio 111 (8 decks)

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