Chapter 32

Question 1

A plant pathogen that obtains resources from living cells.

Answer 1

biotrophic pathogen

Question 2

A plant pathogen that kills cells before drawing resources from them.

Answer 2

neurotrophic pathogen

Question 3

A plant species that can be infected by a given pathogen.

Answer 3

host plant

Question 4

Describes pathogens that are able to overcome a host’s defenses and lead to disease.

Answer 4

virulent

Question 5

In plants, describes pathogens that damage only a small part of the plant because the host plant is able to contain the infection. In animals, describes nonpathogenic microorganisms.

Answer 5

avirulent

Question 6

Any one of a group of receptors in plant cells, each expressed by a different gene, that function as part of the plant’s immune system by each binding to a specific pathogen-derived protein.

Answer 6

R protein

Question 7

Any one of the group of genes that express the R proteins in plants.

Answer 7

R gene

Question 8

A type of plant defense against infection in which uninfected cells surrounding the site of infection rapidly produce large numbers of reactive oxygen species, triggering cell wall reinforcement and causing the cells to die, thus creating a barrier of dead tissue.

Answer 8

hypersensitive response

Question 9

The ability of a plant to resist future infections, occurring in response to a wide range of pathogens.

Answer 9

systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

Question 10

A type of small double-stranded regulatory RNA that becomes part of a complex able to cleave and destroy single-stranded RNA with a complementary sequence.

Answer 10

small interfering RNA (siRNA)

Question 11

A small circular DNA molecule in virulent strains of R. radiobacter containing genes that can be integrated into the host cell’s genome, as well as the genes needed to make this transfer.

Answer 11

Ti plasmid

Question 12

A white sticky liquid produced in some plants.

Answer 12

latex

Question 13

Any one of a group of nitrogen-bearing compounds that damages the nervous system of animals, produced by some plants as a defensive mechanism.

Answer 13

alkaloid

Question 14

Any one of a group of compounds that do not contain nitrogen and are produced by some plants as a defensive mechanism.

Answer 14

terpene

Question 15

Any one of a class of compounds, produced by some plants as a defensive mechanism.

Answer 15

phenols

Question 16

Any one of a group of phenols found widely in plant tissues that bind with proteins and reduce their digestibility.

Answer 16

tannin

Question 17

An antidigestive protein that binds to the active site of enzymes that break down proteins in a herbivore’s digestive system.

Answer 17

protease inhibitor

Question 18

An exchange in which something is gained at the expense of something lost.

Answer 18

trade-off

Question 19

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Answer 19

pathogen

Question 20

Is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity

Answer 20

hypersensitivity

Question 21

Affid to occur when a particular microorganism obtains the ability to resist the activity of a particular antimicrobial agent to which it was previously susceptible

Answer 21

acquired resistance

Question 22

What are advantages and disadvantages of being a plant for defense?

Answer 22

Can’t move,

Question 23

How can biopathogens enter a plant?

Answer 23

-

Question 24

How do hypersensitive responses protect a plant, and how might plants help fight another invasion at a later date/different portion of the plant?

Answer 24

-

Question 25

What are the three major types of defense against larger attackers?

Answer 25

chemical and mechanical and ecological

Question 26

Why are we able to mow lawn without killing grass?

Answer 26

apical meristem is low to ground so it doesn’t get affected and can still grow the blades of grass

Question 27

How might the battle between plants and attackers lead to diversity?

Answer 27

Developing new traits in a plant along with the old ones still being there