Chapter 5 Lecture Notes (ch. 4 in book) Flashcards
What is the definition of sustainability?
It is ability to endure.
What is environmental sustainability?
Economic growth that maintains the environment for future generations
What does sustainable development entail?
It means development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.
What requires special attention when considering development?
Access to resources and distribution of costs and benefits (namely that they extend equity to future generations)
What are basic threats to sustainability?
Rich nation consumerism and rapid economic and population growth in developing nations.
What are specific threats to sustainability?
Local pollution of air, water, and land, depletion of renewable resources (fisheries, overgrazing and soil loss, deforestation, etc.), ecosystem destruction, depletion of nonrenewable resources, and global warming.
What is an ecological footprint?
It is the amount of biologically productive land and sea area are needed to regenerate resources humans consume and to absorb and render harmless corresponding waste.
What are the 12 categories the environmental performance index uses to rank the 178 countries involved?
Health impacts, air quality, water and sanitation, water resources, agriculture, forests, fisheries, biodiversity and habitat, and climate and energy.
What are the three terms the UN uses to categorize each country?
More-developed countries (MDCs), less-developed countries (LDCs), and least-developed countries (LLDCs)
What are newly industrialized countries (NICs)?
Countries that are experiencing rapid economic expansion and industrialization and that are moving away from restrictive trade practices.
What are newly industrialized country growth factors?
Political stability, economic and legal reforms, entrepreneurship, planning, outward orientation, factors of production, industries targeted for growth, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and incentives to force a high domestic rate of saving and direct capital to infrastructure.
What are objectives of developing countries?
Industrialization, economic growth, better education, more effective government, elimination of social inequities, privatization, and improvement in morals and ethics
What ate big emerging markets?
China, India, South Korea, Vietnam, Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Mexico, Venezuela, Poland, Turkey, and South Africa.
What are demand side solutions to sustainability?
Switch to less damaging consumption patterns, government intervention to limit demand and encourage efficiency
What are supply side solutions to sustainability?
Create new technologies that are less impactful on the environment, use of subsidies and regulatory frameworks
