63. Intro to Neuro-Opthalmology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 63. Intro to Neuro-Opthalmology Deck (6)
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1
Q

Damage to optic chiasm is called?

Causes of damage for kids? Elderly?

A

Bitemporal Hemianopia

Peds: chiasmal-hypothalamic glioma or craniopharyngioma

Elderly: pituitary ademona, meningioma, ICA aneurysm

2
Q

Optic Neuritis

  • pt characteristics
  • sx
  • tx
  • assoc
  • mri
A

-young pts
-reduced central visual acuity, pain with eye movement, color desaturation, acute unilateral vision loss
-tx: steroids
-assoc with MS
MRI: enhanced optic nerve and white matter lesions in brain (high risk of MS)

3
Q

Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION)

  • what it is
  • pt type
  • signs
  • must rule out what
A

Acute vascular neuropathy (stroke) of eye

  • pts are 60-70y.o - most common cause of sudden optic nerve dysfx
  • signs: crowded disc (hyperopia), HTN, DM, Hyperlipidemia
  • must rule out temporal arteritis
4
Q

Temporal Arteritis / Arteritic AION

  • signs
  • pt type
  • CP
  • exam
  • tx
A

OPTHALMIC EMERGENCY
Optic nerve infarction due to vessels narrowed by vasculitis
W>M 3:1, 65-80yo, caucasains
CP: amaurosis fugax/diplopia/eye pain, HA, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, fever, weight loss, malaise
Temporal Artery shows chalky white swelling, AION/Retinal Artery occlusion, Cotton Wool Spots
Tx: steroids/hydration, temporal artery biopsy, anti-coagulants

5
Q

Emboli Amaurosis Fugax

what it is, 3 causes and signs of each

A

Transient vision loss

  1. Hollenhorst plaque - cholesterol, asx, bright yellow spots on retina vessels, blood flow not blocked
  2. Platelet-Fibrin Emboli - dull white-gray plugs, long smooth shape - more likely to occlude
  3. Calcific - Chalky white, large oval, globular - occlusive
6
Q

Papilledema

what it is, sx, cause, special etiology

A

Disc swelling 2/2 high ICP
sx: headache (worse in AM), pulsatile tinnitus, transient vision gray-outs, N/V
cause: EMERGENCY if space-occupying lesion, also venous sinus thrombosis, intracranial HTN, severe HTN
special etiology: pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial HTN - HA, blinding visual loss, diplopia, CN6 palsy - tx: diuretics)