Chapter 7: Cognition And Thinking

Question 1

mental representations of categories or objects that belong together based on their central features

Answer 1

Concepts

Question 2

mental categories that are created through logical rules or features.

Answer 2

Formal (concepts)

Question 3

mental category resulting through experiences and daily life. (Dolphins, whales,)

Answer 3

Natural (Fuzzy) (concepts)

Question 4

finding a solution through a series of attempts and eliminating those that don’t work. (going through all your passcodes to figure it out)

Answer 4

Trial and Error

Question 5

formula or a set of rules that guarantees a solution if you do it correctly. (directions to make a cake)

Answer 5

Algorithms

Question 6

rule of thumb to help problem solve. Educated guess. Doesn’t guarantee a correct answer like an algorithm. (guessing a baby’s gender by their clothes)

Answer 6

Heuristics

Question 7

predicts the likelihood of something happening, based on how easily a similar type of event from the past can be recalled. (staying inside when the street lights are on, because they heard on the news that more crime happens when the street lights are on)

Answer 7

Availability

Question 8

evaluates the degree in which the primary characteristics of a person or situation are similar to our prototype of that type of person or situation. (seeing a guy and thinking he’s one thing, when statistically, he’s most likely something else)

Answer 8

Representative

Question 9

the tendencies to look for evidence that upholds our belief and to overlook evidence that runs contrary to them

Answer 9

Confirmation bias

Question 10

Innate ability to solve problems adapt to the environment and learn from experiences

Answer 10

INTELLIGENCE

Question 11

G factor: General intelligence

S factor: Specific intelligence

Answer 11

the G Factor (Spearman)

Question 12

Logical/mathematical
        	Linguistic
        	Musical
        	Spatial
        	Bodily-kinesthetic
        	Interpersonal (others)
Intrapersonal (self)
        	Naturalistic
        	Existential

Answer 12

Multiple Intelligence (Gardner)

Question 13

Analytical
Practical
Creative

Answer 13

The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)

Question 14

individual’s potential for learning. (ACT SAT)

Answer 14

Aptitude

Question 15

measurement of the acquired knowledge of what has already been learned. (school exams)

Answer 15

Achievement

Question 16

1900’s france. Identify kids the needed special eds help in school

Answer 16

Binet

Question 17

WAIS-IV

Answer 17

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Question 18

WISC

Answer 18

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Question 19

WPPSI

Answer 19

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

Question 20

the degree to which a test measures what it intends to measure

Answer 20

Validity

Question 21

the ability of the test to provide consistent reproducible result

Answer 21

Reliability

Question 22

occurs when a test developer gives a test to a large sample, then publishes the average scores for the specified groups

Answer 22

Standardization

Question 23

depicts the frequency of values of a variable along a continuum. Bell-shaped, symmetrical. Highest point reflecting the average score.

Answer 23

Normal curve

Question 24

Genes vs where you grew up

Answer 24

Nature VS Nurture

Question 25

degree to which genes are responsible for particular characteristic

Answer 25

Heritability

Question 26

the ability to construct valuable results in innovative ways

Answer 26

Creativity

Question 27

focuses on finding a single best solution to a problem by using pervious experiences and knowledge

Answer 27

Convergent thinking

Question 28

ability to divisive many solutions to a problem

Answer 28

Divergent thinking