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Anatomy Exam 2 > Plantar Foot > Flashcards

Plantar Foot Flashcards

1
Q

superficial fascia of the dorsal foot

A

contains fibrous septa which divides the tissue into fat filled areas for shock absorption. The fibrous septa also anchor the skin to the deep fascia (improves grip)

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2
Q

deep fascia of the sole

A

aka plantar fascia, thickened central portion is called the plantar aponeurosis

function: protection, maintaining the arches of the foot

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3
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis. Presents as pain on the plantar surface of the heel and medial aspect of foot.

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4
Q

What can plantar fasciitis cause?

A

It can induce ossification in the posterior attachment of the aponeurosis forming a calcaneal spur, a bursa may develop at the spur and this may become inflamed

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5
Q

What are the muscles in the 1st layer of the plantar foot (superficial layer)?

A

abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis

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6
Q

Action of abductor hallucis?

A

abduct and flex hallux (MTP joint)

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7
Q

Action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

abduct and flex the 5th digit (MTP joint)

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8
Q

Action of flexor digitorium brevis?

A

flex digits 2-5 (MTP and PIP joints)

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9
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorium brevis?

A

4 tendons, divide to insert on middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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10
Q

What does layer 2 of the plantar foot consist of?

A

tendon of flexor hallucis longus

tendon of flexor digitorium longus

quadratus plantae

lumbricals

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11
Q

Insertion of the tendon of flexor hallucis longus

A

travels between the two sesamoids of the hallux to insert on the distal phalanx

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12
Q

Action of the tendon of flexor hallucis longus? innervation?

A

Flex MTP and IP joints of the hallux

tibial nerve (posterior compartment of leg)

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13
Q

Insertion of the tendon of flexor digitorium longus?

A

pass through the divided tendon of flexor digitorium brevis to insert on the distal phalanges

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14
Q

Action of the tendon of flexor digitorium longus? Innervation?

A

flex MTP, PIP and DIP joints of digits 2-5

tibial nerve (posterior compartment of leg)

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15
Q

Action of quadratus plantae?

A

Assits flexor digitoriumlongus in flexing digits 2-5 (MTP PIP and DIP joints)

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16
Q

origin and insertion of lumbricals?

A

origin: tendons of flexor digitorium longus
insertion: extensor expansions of digits 2-5

17
Q

Action of lumbricals?

A

flex MTP joint, extend PIP and DIP joints of digits 2-5

18
Q

What are the muscles of the layer 3 of the plantar foot?

A

flexor hallucis brevis

adductor hallucis

flexor digiti minimi brevis

19
Q

insertion of flexor hallucis brevis?

A

2 tendons insert on the proximal phalanx of the hallux

each tendon has a sesamoid embedded within it which helps hold the tendon of FHL and protect the tendon of FHL from being compressed

20
Q

action of flexor hallucis brevis?

A

flex hallux (MTP joint)

21
Q

Action of adductor hallucis?

A

adduct hallux (MTP joint)

22
Q

Action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flex digit 5 (MTP joint)

23
Q

What makes up layer 4 (deep layer) of plantar foot?

A

3 plantar interossei, 4 dorsal interossei

24
Q

Action of 3 plantar interossei?

A

PAD

plantar interossei adduct

adduct MTP joints of digits 3-5

25
Q

Action of 4 dorsal interossei?

A

DAB

dorsal interossei abduct

abduct MTP joints of digits 2-4

26
Q

What are the nerves of the plantar foot?

A

lateral and medial plantar nerves, divisions of the tibial nerve as it enters the sole

27
Q

Lateral plantar nerve

A

S2-S3

Motor: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, quadratus plantae, adductor hallucis, lateral 3 lumbricals, all interossei

sensory: lateral aspect of sole and tips and plantar aspects of of lateral 1.5 of digits

28
Q

medial plantar nerve

A

S2-S3

Motor: abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, medial 1st lumbrical, and flexor digitorium brevis ( LAFF muscles)

sensory: medial aspect of sole and tips and plantar aspects of medial 3.5 digits

29
Q

What are the arteries of the plantar foot?

A

tibial artery divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries in the sole

30
Q

Medial plantar artery

A

travels with medial plantar nerve

supplies SF tissues f the sole and the muscles associated with the hallux

gives rise to superficial plantar arch and plantar digital arteries

31
Q

lateral plantar artery

A

travels with the lateral plantar nerve

supplies most of the plantar foot

gives off deep plantar arch (btwn 3rd and 4th muscle layers) > plantar metatarsal arteries> plantar digital arteries

32
Q

deep veins of the plantar foot

A

share same names as arteries, drain into fibular and posterior tibial veins

33
Q

superficial veins of the plantar foot

A

drain into the small saphenous and great saphenous veins

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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