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Pathology > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Achalasia

A

incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

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2
Q

Primary Achalasia

A

mesenteric ganglia that carry vagal fibers from esophagus are absent

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3
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

herniation of stomach through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
small are asymptomatic
large need surgery

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4
Q

Treating Hiatal Hernia

A

antacids

surgery

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5
Q

GERD

A

backward movement of stomach contents into esophagus

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6
Q

Parts of Reflux that causes damage to esophagus

A

pepsin

acid

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7
Q

Decreases tone of esophageal sphincter

A

foods
obesity/ pregnancy
hiatal hernia
delayed empyting/ increased volume

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8
Q

Treatment for GERD

A

avoiding positions/ foods that cause it

antacids, proton pump inhibitors

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9
Q

Symptoms of GERD

A

heartburn shortly after eating
relieved by sitting upright
can be confused with angina

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10
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

distal esophageal squamous cells replaced by columnar epithelium containing goblet cells
from chronic GERD
increases chance of adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

from GERD and Barrett

distal 3rd of esophagus

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12
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

top 2/3 of esophagus

from alcohol, tabacco, injury, achalasia

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13
Q

Main complaint of Esophageal Cancer

A

dysphagia

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14
Q

Treating Esophageal Cancer

A

surgery

chemotherapy

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15
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of gastric mucosa

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16
Q

Acute Gastritis

A

transient

accompanied by hemorrhage

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17
Q

Aspirin caused Acute Gastritis

A

no symptoms or heartburn

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18
Q

Alcohol caused Acute Gastritis

A

abdominal distress, vomiting, hematemesis

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19
Q

S. aureus caused Acute Gastritis

A

abrupt and violent onset with gastric distress and vomiting

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20
Q

Acute Gastritis w/ Hemorrhage

A

black, tarry stool

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21
Q

Treating Acute Gastritis

A

remove inciting factor

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22
Q

Chronic Gastritis

A

chronic inflammation leading to atrophy and visible erosions

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23
Q

Helicobacter pylori Gastritis

A

most common cause of chronic gastritis

24
Q

Treating Helicobacter pylori Gastritis

A

antibiotics w/ proton pump inhibitor

25
Q

Autoimmune Gastritis

A

associated with T1D

anemia, atrophy leading to adenocarcinoma

26
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

involves gastric mucosa and proximal duodenum
epigastric discomfort and pain
H pylori

27
Q

Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome

A

irrestectable gastromas in duodenum and pancreas

2/3 malignant; 1/3 metastasized

28
Q

Curling Ulcers

A

physiologic stress- burns, trauma, sepsis, severe liver failure, surgical procedures

29
Q

Cushing Ulcers

A

gastric, duodenal, esophageal ulcers in those with intracranial injury

30
Q

Treating Stomach Cancer

A

gastrectomey

chemotherapy

31
Q

Trigger for Celiac Disease

A

Barley
Rye
Oats
Wheat

32
Q

Symptoms of Celiac Disease

A

diarrhea
abdominal pain
bloating

33
Q

Causes the pruritic rash in Celiac Disease

A

herpes

34
Q

Test for Celiac Disease

A

IgA: anti tTG

biopsy

35
Q

Managing Celiac Disease

A

gluten free diet

gut heals self

36
Q

Managing Lactose Intolerance

A

limit amount of milk/ products in diet

use lactase

37
Q

Location of Crohn’s Disease

A

any portion of GI tract

38
Q

Location of Ulcerative Colitis

A

colon (LI)

rectum

39
Q

Lesions of Crohn’s Disease

A

Skip lesions

40
Q

Lesions of Ulcerative Colitis

A

continuous inflammation

41
Q

Pain in Crohn’s Disease

A

lower right abdomen

42
Q

Pain in Ulcerative Colitis

A

lower left abdomen

43
Q

Morphology of Crohn’s Disease

A

thickened- cobblestones and fistulas

44
Q

Morphology of Ulcerative Colitis

A

thinning- polyps

45
Q

Is bleeding in Crohn’s or Ulcerative Colitis?

A

Ulcerative colitis

46
Q

Initial complaint of IBD

A

uveitis

47
Q

Irritable Bowl Syndrome Symptoms

A

pain relief with pooping

change in poop habits or form

48
Q

Cause of IBS

A

Stress- physical or physiological

processed food

49
Q

Treating IBS

A

stress management
avoid fatty foods
increase fiber intake

50
Q

Dicerticulosis

A

acquired herniations (diverticula) of colon mucosa and submucosa
mostly in sigmoid colon
asymptomatic

51
Q

Diverticular Disease

A

diverticula with symptoms

52
Q

Diverticular Disease Symptoms

A

Abdominal pain in LL quadrant
nausea and vomiting
tenderness
fever

53
Q

Appendicitis Pain

A

4-6 hours in R lower quadrant

sudden pain relief- appendix rupture

54
Q

Adenocarcinoma Colon

A

main cancer of GIT

60-70 yo

55
Q

Protection against Colorectal Cancer

A

Vit A, C, E

56
Q

Presentation of Colon Cancer

A

bleeding

57
Q

Treatment of Colon Cancer

A

surgery

Pathology (22 decks)

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