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M6 Richard 2019 > 6.3.2 Wooden Structures > Flashcards

6.3.2 Wooden Structures Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What type of structure do fabric covered aircraft have

A

Truss type

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2
Q

What may the wing spars be made from

A

Sika spruce and may be solid or laminated

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3
Q

What is the advantage of a laminated spar over a solid spar

A

A laminated spar is just as strong and is much cheaper

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4
Q

What are the wing spars on wooden aircraft separated by

A

Compression members made of aluminium tubing or steel

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5
Q

What type of loads does a built up box spar take

A

Torsional and bending

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6
Q

What conditions should an aircraft be in for inspection purposes

A

In a dry well ventilated hangar with all inspection panels removed

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7
Q

What must be done before inspecting glued joints

A

The aircraft must be fully dried

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8
Q

What is the main problem associated with inspecting glued joints

A

There is no good non destructive testing

Access is difficult

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9
Q

What shape should access holes be

A

Access holes should be circular in shape and special tools used to avoid jagged edges

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10
Q

What must be done to the edges of all access holes

A

They must be smoothed with fine glass paper before inspection

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11
Q

What must be done before checking a glue line

A

All protective coatings must be removed by careful scraping

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12
Q

How is the inspection of a glue line carried out

A

With a magnifying glass and feeler gauge

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13
Q

What must be done if penetration is had on a glue line when inspecting

A

The piece must be rejected

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14
Q

How is dry rot identified

A

By small patches of crumbling wood

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15
Q

How would water penetration be identified in wood

A

Dark discolouration and grey streaks

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16
Q

What should be done to drain holes during routine maintenance

A

They should be cleaned out

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17
Q

How is a timber shrinkage inspection carried out

A

By removing paint or varnish and inserting a feeler gauge

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18
Q

What is had when elongated bolt holes are found

A

Can be due to landing or shear stresses

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19
Q

When would bruising or crushing be found

A

Where someone has over tightened a bolt

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20
Q

What type of loads are glued joints mainly designed to take

A

Shear loads

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21
Q

What is done to timber after it has been cut

A

It is stacked ready for shipment for 60 days

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22
Q

How is timber seasoned

A

In drying sheds for 1-3 years

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23
Q

Instead of waiting 1-3 years for timber to season, is there an alternative

24
Q

What is the purpose of seasoning

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A

To make sure the wood is in equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere and it makes applying surface protection and finishes easier

25
What must be done when the timber has been properly seasoned
It must be tested (6 inches from the end cut off first because it may be drier than the rest)
26
How is the moisture content of timber determined
By weighing and drying or even better is the moisture meter
27
What roughly should the moisture content be
15%
28
How is the density of timber determined
By weighing and measuring
29
What testing could be carried out on timber for brittleness
izod impact testing
30
What rate of growth should be rejected
Less than 6 rings per 25mm
31
How long should test pieces be kept for
No less than 2 years
32
What type of sawing produces a flower face
Tangential sawing
33
What two types of sawing are the same
Rift and quarter
34
What is the worst of all defects found on timber
Dote disease
35
What precaution is done to help prevent the felled tree having dote disease
It is cut 10 feet from the ground as dote disease lives at the root of the living tree
36
How is dote disease recognised
Brownish yellow spots similar to mineral oil
37
What must be done to timber that is suspected to have dote disease
It should be burnt because dote disease is contagious
38
What is wood decay/rot
Symptoms similar to dote but occurs after the tree has been felled and promoted by large amounts of moisture
39
What is the limit of grade inclination for grade A and grade B spruce
1 in 15 for grade A | 1 in 12 for grade B
40
What is heart shake
Follows a sap duct | Defect should be cut out of the timber
41
What is ring shake
Occurs by the parting of the annular rings caused by frost | The defect should be cut from the timber
42
What is the limit for knot size in timber
No larger than quarter of an inch diameter
43
What is blue stain
Only occurs in sapwood | Should not be used in aircraft parts
44
What is the advantage of using synthetic resin adhesives over mechanical methods when attaching wooden structures
Provide less stress on the joints over mechanical methods
45
What two parts do synthetic resin adhesives normally consist of
The resin and the hardener
46
In what forms can synthetic adhesives be had
Liquid and powder
47
What type of synthetic resin adhesives typically have longer shelf lives
Powder - not susceptible to as much deterioration
48
How are powder resins mixed
The powder is mixed with water before it is mixed with the hardener It should not then be diluted
49
Before gluing wooden structures what must be done
Must be sanded
50
How many sides of the joint must be covered in adhesive
Both sides of the joint
51
Some adhesives contain a solvent which needs to evaporate before the joint is made - what happens if the solvent doesn’t evaporate
Bubbles are created in the joint which forms a weakness
52
What must be done when large surfaces are being glued together
Small vent holes should be drilled in the structure to allow trapped air to dissipate
53
What is the advantage to applying heat to a glued surface
The setting time of the glue will decrease
54
The fractured glued faces should show why when they have been tested
75% of wood fibres
55
What type of joints should wet tests be carried out on
One that have been conditioned for at least 2-3 weeks
56
In what form of stress do glued joints perform in its strongest form
Shear

M6 Richard 2019 (10 decks)

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