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Pharmacology > Quiz 5 (External Antiparasitics) > Flashcards

Quiz 5 (External Antiparasitics) Flashcards

1
Q

what drug is used in older flea meds?

A

rotenone

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2
Q

what drug can be applied to demodex spots if there are small number of leisons?

A

goodwinol ointment

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3
Q

what can adding piperonyl butoxide do to the affectiveness of pyrethrins?

A

increases it 10 -20 times

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4
Q

what are the differences between Synthetic Pyrethroids and pyrethroids? (2)

A
  1. More toxic

2. Don’t break down as easisly when exposed to sun and air

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5
Q

what species are Organophosphates and Carbamates more typically used on?

A

large animals

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6
Q

how long do the effect of imidacloprid last?

A

Provides residual effect of at least 4 wks.

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7
Q

Imidacloprid

A

Advantage

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8
Q

Imidacloprid is…

A

Advantage

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9
Q

what external parasite does Imidacloprid kill?

A

Kills adult fleas

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10
Q

what animal shoudl imidacloprid not be used on?

A

young kitties and puppies

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11
Q

what animal shoudl imidacloprid not be used on?

A

young kitties and puppies

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12
Q

how long are the effects of fipronil?

A

Provides 30-day residual activity

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13
Q

Fipronil is…

A

Frontline, Top Spot

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14
Q

what parasite does fipronil kill

A

adult fleas and ticks

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15
Q

what animal consideraiton should fipronil not be used on?

A

very young pups or kittens

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16
Q

Selamectin is…

A

Revolution

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17
Q

how is selamectin administered?

A

Spot-on

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18
Q

what external parasites is selamectin effective against?

A

fleas and mites

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19
Q

Nitenpyram is…

A

Capstar

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20
Q

how is nitenpyram administered?

A

orally

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21
Q

how long are the effects of nitenpyram?

A

Starts killing fleas w/in 30 minutes, most gone by 4 hrs.

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22
Q

Spinosad is…

A

Comfortis

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23
Q

how is spinosad administered?

A

Chewable tablet administered orally

Animals must be at least 14 wks. age and meet minimum weight requirements

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24
Q

how long are the effect of spinosad?

A

30 days

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25
Q

how old must an animal be before recieveing spinosad?

A

Animals must be at least 14 wks. age and meet minimum weight requirements

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26
Q

Fluralaner is…

A

Bravecto

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27
Q

how often should fluralaner be administered?

A

every 12 weeks

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28
Q

How is fluralaner administered?

A

Chewable tablet administered orally

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29
Q

how old should an animal be before recieving fluralaner?

A

Animals must be 6 months of age

30
Q

animals with this medical condidtion should not use fluralaner?

A

seizures

31
Q

what external parasite does fluralaner treat?

A

fleas and ticks

32
Q

Botanical Insecticides

A

Derived from plants

33
Q

what are some botanical insecticides? (2)

A
  1. Rotenone

2. Pyrethrins

34
Q

what can rotenone be found in? (3)

A
  1. Duradip
  2. Pet Dip
  3. Goodwinol Ointment
35
Q

what external parasites does rotenone kill?

A

kill fleas and mites

36
Q

what can happen after animals lick rotenone?

A

Dogs and cats may vomit

37
Q

what plant is Pyrethrins extracted from?

A

chrysanthemum flower

38
Q

which is the largest group of marketed insecticides?

A

Pyrethrins

39
Q

why are pyrethrins usually mixed with other agents?

A

increase efficacy

40
Q

what product are pyrethrins usually mixed with?

A

products that kill and repel fleas and ticks

41
Q

what species are more susceptible to toxicity?

A

Cats

42
Q

what are some syptoms of pyrethrin toxicity?

A

tremors and seizure

43
Q

how do you treat ingestion of pyrethrins?

A

activated charcoal

44
Q

how do you treat dermal exposure of pyrethrins?

A

bathing

45
Q

synthetic pyrethrins are…

A

increased potency and last longer

46
Q

Organophosphates and Carbamates

A

Widely used group of insecticidesapplied to plants and animals

47
Q

Organophosphates examples (10)

A
  1. chorpyrifos (Dusban, Duratrol)
  2. coumaphos (Co-Ral)
  3. cythioate (Proban)
  4. diazinon (flea collars)
  5. malathion (Adams Flea and Tick Dip)
  6. phosmet (Paramite Dip)
  7. dichlorvos
  8. primiphos
  9. fenthion
  10. famphur
48
Q

Organophosphates examples (3)

A
  1. carbaryl ( Mycodex Pet Shampoo, Adams Flea and Tick Dust-II, Sevin)
  2. propoxur (Baygon)
  3. methomyl (Fatal Attraction)
49
Q

how do Organophosphates/Carbamates affect external parasites?

A

Bind and inactivate acetylcholinesterase at neuronal junctions

50
Q

what do clinical signs of toxicity in animals result from?

A

overstimulation of acetylcholine receptors

51
Q

what are some clinical signs of Organophosphates/Carbamates?

A

SLUDDE

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, dyspnea, emesis

52
Q

precaustion of Organophosphates/Carbamates? (2)

A
  1. Be careful about using more than one organophostphate product at a time
  2. Wear gloves when handling these products
53
Q

what species should you not apply Organophosphates/Carbamates to?

A

sight hounds, charolais, simmental, brahman

54
Q

what drug is used to counteract Organophosphates/Carbamates? (2)

A
  1. atropine

2. pralidoxime (2-Pam)

55
Q

One of the oldest group of synthetic insecticides

A

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

56
Q

spectrum of activity of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons?

A

Effectively kill most insects on plants and animals

57
Q

who can chlorinated hydrocarbons be toxic to?

A

humans and wildlife

58
Q

how should you protect yourself while bathing a dog with chlorinated hydrocarbons?

A

Wear gloves and apron

59
Q

what is Amitraz used to treat?

A

demodectic mange in dogs, also to kill ticks

60
Q

what are some advers affects seen in the treatment of amitraz

A

sedation and incoordination

61
Q

what do insect growth regulators do?

A

Impair normal development of immature insects. They do not kill adult insects.

62
Q

lufenuron is…

A

Lufenuron (Program, Sentinel)

63
Q

methoprene is…

A

Siphotrol, Ovitrol

64
Q

how is lufenuron administered?

A

orally to dogs and cats, also by injection in cats

65
Q

how does lufenuron effect fleas?

A

interferes w/ flea egg formation and development of the flea larva exoskeleton

66
Q

how is methoprene administered?

A

applied to animal’s skin (spray, collar)

67
Q

ho does methoprene effect fleas?

A

causes adult fleas to produce larva that do not mature

68
Q

what are some examples of insect growth regulators

A
  1. lufenuron
  2. Methoprene
  3. Pyriproxyfen
69
Q

how is pyriproxyfen administered?

A

applied to animal’s skin

70
Q

how does pyriproxyfen effect fleas?

A

causes adult fleas to produce larva that do not mature

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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