Mental Abilities

Question 1

implicit theories of intelligene

Answer 1

entity and incremental

Question 2

entity theory of implicit intelligence

Answer 2

belief that intelligence is fixed

Question 3

incremental theory of implicit intelligence

Answer 3

belief that intelligence is malleable

Question 4

explicit theories of intelligence

Answer 4

uses data and evidence

Question 5

binet’s scale of intelligence testing

Answer 5

the youngest age at which a child of normal intelligence should be able to complete a task

Question 6

mental age

Answer 6

part of Binet’s scale of intelligence, the age assigned to the most difficult task that you could complete

Question 7

the goal of binet’s scale of intelligence testing

Answer 7

to identify children in need of remedial education

Question 8

why did goddard introduce binet’s test to the USA

Answer 8

to prevent immigration and “propagation of morons”

Question 9

the intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 9

introduced in the Stanford-Binet test, what mental age a person is

Question 10

ratio IQ

Answer 10

mental age / chronological age x 100

Question 11

deviation IQ

Answer 11

score based on how much you deviate from the average IQ of 100

Question 12

intelligence as a construct

Answer 12

observable (manifest) variable,s unobservable (latent) variables

Question 13

constructs

Answer 13

theoretical or hypothetical terms which cannot be directly observed, but are assumed to exist bc they give rise to measurable phenomena

Question 14

stanford-binet IQ test

Answer 14

15 subsets in 4 areas of cognitive ability

Question 15

4 areas of cognitive ability in stanford-binet IQ test

Answer 15

verbal reasoning, abstract reasoning, quantitative reasoning, short-term memory

Question 16

who created the Gf-Gc theory

Answer 16

cattell

Question 17

Gf

Answer 17

fluid intelligence - ability to deal with novelty e.g. reasoning

Question 18

Gc

Answer 18

crystallised intelligence - acquired knowledge and skills e.g. spelling, reading, cognition

Question 19

hierarchy of abilities

Answer 19

general intelligence, broad visual perception, broad auditory perception, broad retrieval ability, broad cognitive speediness, processing speed

Question 20

measurement precision

Answer 20

reliability and validity

Question 21

reliability

Answer 21

the ratio of the true score variance to observed score variance

Question 22

estimation of reliability

Answer 22

test-retest reliability, equivalent forms, Cronbach’s alpha

Question 23

test-retest reliability

Answer 23

same group of people are measured twice on the same test

Question 24

equivalent forms (estimation of reliability)

Answer 24

measure the same phenomenon using two different forms of the test

Question 25

cronbach’s alpha (estimation of reliability)

Answer 25

split-half reliability is an internal consistency estimate of reliability

Question 26

validity

Answer 26

validity of measurement, validity of decision

Question 27

validity of measurement

Answer 27

the extent to whic a test measures what it purports to measure, and meaningfulness of score

Question 28

validity of decision

Answer 28

what needs to be valid is the meaning/interpretation of scores

Question 29

characteristics of validity

Answer 29

content, construct, criterion

Question 30

classical test theory

Answer 30

has 2 components - true score and an error

Question 31

errors in classical test theory

Answer 31

test construction, test administration, errors in scoring, interpretation subjectivity

Question 32

true score =

Answer 32

the ideal measurement + some error

Question 33

Sir Francis Galton conclusion on heridtary

Answer 33

genius and feeble-mindedness runs in families

Question 34

assumption of resemblance studies

Answer 34

if a psychological trait is affected by genetic factors, invidividuals thar are more similar genetically should be more similar with respect to that trait

Question 35

problems with family resemblance studies

Answer 35

genetic relatedness is usually closely linked to environmental similarity

Question 36

heritability

Answer 36

the proportion of the total variation in a given characteristic in a given population that can be attributed to genetic difference between members of that population

Question 37

genotype

Answer 37

underlying genetic factors (in heritability) (Gv)

Question 38

phenoteype

Answer 38

expression of underlying genetic factors can be influenced by environment, interaction between these two, and residual variation

Question 39

heritability formula

Answer 39

H = Gv / Pv

Question 40

gender differences in IQ

Answer 40

general trend = decline in gender differences over the past 50 years

Question 41

racial differences in IQ

Answer 41

asian-american > white-american > black-american

Question 42

book called The Bell Curve arguments

Answer 42

racial differences on IQ tests are inherent, and this should be taken into account in school and school policy, devoting resources to underprivileged students means gifted students wont reach potential

Question 43

bias

Answer 43

a statistical concept

Question 44

fairness

Answer 44

a social issue

Question 45

stereotype threat

Answer 45

race differences are shown when people are told they are being tested on intellectual ability (between black and white americans)

Question 46

the flynn effect

Answer 46

showed that IQ is getting higher over time through “modernisation”

Question 47

severe traumatic brain injury leads to

Answer 47

widespread effects on brain tissue and widespread effects on cognitive function

Question 48

white matter damage leads to

Answer 48

slow speed of processing

Question 49

damage to temporal lobes leads to

Answer 49

memory difficulties

Question 50

multi-factorial damage leads to

Answer 50

attention difficulties

Question 51

damage to frontal lobe leads to

Answer 51

impaired executive function - poor planning, difficulties with abstract thinking, poor impulse control