6.4 Cell Cycle Control and Mutation Flashcards
What are Tumor Suppressor genes?
Genes for proteins that inspect newly replicated DNA to stop cell division if conditions are not favorable
What 3 checkpoints must a cell pass to proceed with cell division?
G1, G2, and Metaphase
What are Proto-oncogenes?
Genes that code for the Cell Cycle that control proteins
What happens when Proto-oncogenes mutate?
They become Oncogenes
What is the purpose of Growth Factors?
They stimulate cells to divide
What binds to receptors to trigger a response from a cell?
A Growth Factor
What is a Mutation?
A change in the sequence of DNA
What happens when there are changes in the DNA due to Mutation?
The structure can change and the function of protein coded by DNA
How can a Mutation occur?
They can occur because of inheritance or be caused by carcinogens
What happens when Tumor Suppressors are mutated?
They can allow cells to override checkpoints
What do Oncogenes do?
Their proteins no longer properly regulate cell division and they begin to overstimulate cell division
How do you determine whether or not a Tumor is benign or malignant?
Depending on the number of mutations and whether or not the tumor suppressor protein is functional
What is Angiogenesis?
When a Tumor gets its own blood supply
What happens during the loss of Contact Inhibition?
Cells will pile up on each other
What happens when there is loss of Anchorage Dependence?
It enables a cancer cell to move to another location
