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Biology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between invertebrates and vertebrates?

A

Invertebrates do not have backbones, while vertebrates do.

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2
Q

(T/F) Vertibrates represent a majority of the animal kingdom?

A

False. Invertebrates represent 95% of the animal kingdon.

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3
Q

Describe the differences between radial and bilateral symmetry.

A

An animal with radial symmetry really has no right and left side or head and rear end.

Animals with bilateral symmetry can be divided only into mirror halves through a single plane.

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4
Q

Give an example of an animal from the mollusca phylum.

A

Snails, octopus, nautilus, clam, squid

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5
Q

What are the charactertistics of the phylum mollusca?

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Exoskeleton.
  • Foot and shell secreting mantle.
  • Complete digestive tract.
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6
Q

Give an example of an animal from the cnidarians phylum.

A

Jelly fish, sea anemones, corals, hydras.

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7
Q

What are the charactertistics of the phylum cnidarian?

A
  • Radial symmetry.
  • Some free drifting medusae (jelly fish)
  • Food enters digestive tract through the same oriface as it exits.
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8
Q

Give an example of an animal from the annelid phylum.

A

Segmented worms: Earth worms, leeches.

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9
Q

What are the charactertistics of the phylum annelida?

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Segmented body.
  • Complete digestive tracts.
  • Move using fluid filled sacs.
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10
Q

Give an example of an animal from the porifera phylum.

A

Sea sponges.

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11
Q

What are the charactertistics of the phylum porifera?

A
  • Asymmetrical
  • Water flows through canals in body.
  • Spicules acts as a skeleton to give structure.
  • No locomotion; stationary animal.
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12
Q

(T/F) Sponges filter feed.

A

True.

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13
Q

Give an example of an animal from the platyhelminthe phylum.

A

Flatworms, tapeworms

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14
Q

What are the charactertistics of the platyhelminthes cnidarian?

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Most members are parasitic.
  • Primitive eyespots detect light.
  • Mouth halfway down body.
  • Has head.
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15
Q

Give an example of an animal from the arthropoda phylum.

A

Spiders, crabs, centipedes, millipedes, insects.

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16
Q

What are the charactertistics of the phylum arthropoda?

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Exoskeleton
  • Jointed legs
  • Complete digestive tracts.
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17
Q

Give an example of an animal from the chordate phylum.

A

Lampreys, sharks, trout, toads, snakes, birds, mammals (including humans).

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18
Q

What are the charactertistics of the phylum chordata?

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Notochord; most have backbone.
  • Endoskeleton.
  • Jaws
  • Complete digestive tract.
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19
Q

Define: Ecology

A

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments.

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20
Q

What are biotic vs abiotic factors?

A
  • Biotic factors are
    • all of the organisms in the area and
    • the living component of the environment.
  • Abiotic factors
    • are the environment’s nonliving component and
    • include chemical and physical factors, such as temperature, light, water, minerals, and air.
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21
Q

Define: Habitat

A

An organism’s habitat:

  • is the specific environment it lives in and
  • includes the biotic and abiotic factors of its surroundings.
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22
Q

What are the four levels of ecology?

A
  1. Organismal Ecology Looks at the evolutionary adaptations that enable individual organisms to meet the challenges posed by their abiotic environments.
  2. Population Ecology addresses populations, groups of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area
  3. Community Ecology is concerned with ecosystems, all the abiotic factors in addition to the community of species in a certain area.
  4. Ecosystem Ecology is concerned with ecosystems, all the abiotic factors in addition to the community of species in a certain area
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23
Q

Define: Invasive Species

A

An invasive species is a non-native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction and causes environmental or economic damage by colonizing and dominating suitable habitats.

Invasive species may benefit from the absence of pathogens, predators, or herbivores.

Examples: Burmese pytons, lionfish,

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24
Q

What are the three survivorship curves?

A
25
Q

Define: Carrying Capacity

A

The carrying capacity is the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.

26
Q

What is the difference between logistic and exponential growth?

A
27
Q

Define: Tropic levels.

A

Trophic structure is the feeding relationships among the various species in a community.

A community’s trophic structure determines the passage of energy and nutrients from plants and other photosynthetic organisms to herbivores and then to predators.

28
Q

What is a producer?

A

Anything which produces energy from the sun through photosynthesis.

29
Q

What is a primary consumer?

A

Any organism that consumes a producer directly (herbivore).

30
Q

What is a tertiary and quarternary consumer?

A

Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers, quarternary consumers ear tertiary consumers.

31
Q

What is a secondary consumer?

A

An animal that preys upon an herbivore.

Carnivores.

32
Q

What is the difference between a heterotroph and autotroph?

A

An autotroph produces its own energy from the sun (photosynthesizing plants/producers).

A heterotroph gets energy from other organisms.

33
Q

Is 100% of energy transferred from one trophic level to another? If not, how much energy is transferred?

A

No, only about 10% of energy is transfered from one trophic level to another.

34
Q

What are the four types of tissues that make up animal bodies?

A
  1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
  2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  3. MUSCLE TISSUE
  4. NERVOUS TISSUE
35
Q

Define: Epithelial Tissue

A

Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body.

Cells of epithelial tissues

  • involved in sensation
  • form a protective barrier
  • fall off and are continuously renewed
  • produce secretions
36
Q

Define: Connective Tissue

A

Connective tissues have a sparse population of cells in an extracellular matrix consisting of a protein fibers within a foundation that may be liquid, jellylike, or solid.

The structure of connective tissue is correlated with its functions:

  • to bind
  • support other tissues

Types:

  • Loose Connective tissue (the most widespread connective tissue)
  • Adipose tissue (fat)
  • Blood
  • Fibrous Connective tissue (tendons/ligaments)
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
37
Q

Define: Muscle Tissue

A

Muscle tissue is the most abundant tissue in most animals.

Types:

  • Cardiac muscle (cardiovascular).
  • Skeletal muscle (voluntary).
  • Smooth muscle (involuntary).
38
Q

Define: Nervous Tissue

A

Nervous tissue makes communication of sensory information possible and is found in your brain and spinal cord, and consists of a network of neurons.

The basic unit of nervous tissue is the neuron, or nerve cell.

39
Q

Bone is what kind of tissue?

A

Connective tissue.

40
Q

The heart is what kind of tissue?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue.

41
Q

Fat is what kind of tissue?

A

Adipose connective tissue.

42
Q

Ligaments are what kind of tissue?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

43
Q

Blood is what kind of tissue?

A

Connective tissue.

44
Q

Skin is what kind of tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue.

45
Q

Tendons are what kind of tissue?

A

Fiborous connective tissue.

46
Q

Cartilage is what kind of tissue?

A

Connective tissue.

47
Q

What are the 11 organ systems in the human body?

A

MIND CURLERS:

  • *M**uscular
  • *I**ntegumentary
  • *N**eurological/sensory
  • *D**igestive
  • *C**ardiovascular
  • *U**rinary
  • *R**eproductive
  • *L**ymphatic
  • *E**ndocrine
  • *R**espiratory
  • *S**keletal
48
Q

What is the circulatory system responsible for?

A
  • Accepts oxygen, nutrients, and other substances from the respiratory and digestive systems and delivers them to cells
  • Accepts carbon dioxide and wastes from cells and delivers them to respiratory and urinary systems for disposal
49
Q

Which body part is the best representation of the size of you heart?

A

Your fist.

50
Q

What side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?What side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

A

The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium, then pumps the blood along to the lungs to get oxygen.

The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium, then sends it on to the aorta.

Red denotes oxygenated blood.
Blue denotes deoxygenated blood.

51
Q

What type of blood vessel generally carries blood away from the heart? What type of blood vessel generally carries blood to the heart?

A

Artieries carry blood away from the heart.

Veins carry blood back to the heart.

52
Q

How is oxygen & carbon dioxide transported by the blood?

A

Oxygen binds to hemogloben on red blood cells.

Carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate.

53
Q

How does the blood flow through the circulatory system?

A

Pumonary Circuit

  1. Superior and inferior vena cava.
  2. Right atrium
  3. Tricuspid (atrial ventricular valve)
  4. Right ventrical
  5. Pulmonary trunk
  6. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  7. Right/left pulmonary arteries
  8. Lungs

Systemic Circuit

  1. Right/left pulmonary veins
  2. Left atrium
  3. Bicuspid (atrial ventricular valve)
  4. Left ventricle
  5. Aortic semilunar valve
  6. Body
  7. Left ventricle
54
Q

What is the approximate blood composition?

A

The blood is made up of approximately

  • 55% plasma
    • Water 91-92 %
    • Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen 7-8%
    • Ions, sugar, gases, lipids, vitamins 1-2 %
  • 45% cells/platelets
55
Q

What is considered normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

A

Systolic - 120

Diastolic - 80

Diastolic (think dilate) blood pressure is when blood fills the heart and is therefore lower than systolic, which is when the heart contracts to pump blood throughout the body.

56
Q

__________ beds are the site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

A
  • Capillary beds are the site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
  • Capillary is a single sheet of epithelial cells
  • Flow is slow; allows gasses to diffuse across membranes of blood cells and across endothelium
57
Q

Compare and contrast the pulmonary vs. systemic system.

A

Pulmonary circulation refers to the circulation of blood in which deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood is returned to back to the heart.

Pulmonary circulation only occurs between the heart and the lungs.

Systemic circulation refers to the circulation of blood in which oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood is returned back to the heart.

Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the entire body.

58
Q
A

Biology (7 decks)

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