Intro To CP

Question 1

What is the dual imperatives for respiration?

Answer 1

O2 into arterial blood and removal of CO2

Question 2

What is the process of pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 2

Driven by medulla and Resp pump (mm and bones of abs, airways and alveoli) to bring air into and out of alveoli

Question 3

What happens at gas exchange 1?

Answer 3

Gas from alveoli to capillary - ventilation, perfusion, v/q matching, diffusion

Question 4

What are the main process of blood travelling through body?

Answer 4

HB and cardiac output

Question 5

What is the process of gas exchange 2?

Answer 5

Gas between capillary and tissue

Question 6

How does the respiratory system defend the lungs?

Answer 6

Upper airway - trap
Cough - clear secretions
Mucocilliary clearance

Question 7

How does respiration change with activity and exercise?

Answer 7

Increased demand for O2 and respiratory system needs to be able to meet the increased demand for O2

Question 8

What are some dysfunctions that can occur with alveolar ventilation?

Answer 8

~ Central control - injury to or near medulla
~ Respiratory pump - mms, bones, eg. Thoracic trauma
~ Airways eg. Obstruction such as asthma
~ alveoli eg. Reduced lung volume or alveoli filled with something ie. Pneumonia

Question 9

What are some dysfunctions that can occur with gas exchange?

Answer 9

~ ventilation
~ perfusion eg. Pulmonary embolus or heart failure
~ problems with either ventilation and/or perfusion may lead to v/q mismatch
~ diffusion eg. Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 10

What are some dysfunctions that can occur with transportation of blood?

Answer 10

Hb and cardiac output eg. Heart failure and anemia

Question 11

What are some dysfunctions that can occur with lung defence?

Answer 11

Increased sputum, cilial dysfunctions, reduced cough effectiveness

Question 12

What is 1 of the 3 respiratory problems physiotherapists can treat?

Answer 12

Reduced alveolar ventilation global or regional. Enough gas into and out of lungs (lung vol) and gas getting to the relevant part or lung for gas exchange (distribution of ventilation and v/q matching)

Question 13

What is 2 of 3 respiratory problems physiotherapists can treat?

Answer 13

Secretion clearance - increased secretions or reduced clearance

Question 14

What is 3 of 3 respiratory problems physiotherapists can treat?

Answer 14

Other problems such as reduced exercise tolerance, increased work of breathing

Question 15

What are some signs and symptoms of respiratory dysfunction?

Answer 15

Shortness of breath, cough, sputum, reduced exercise tolerance, wheeze

Question 16

What are some consequences of respiratory problems on patients?

Answer 16

Pathophysiological consequences such as respiratory failure, organ failure, mechanical ventilation failure. Consequences for activity and participation eg. Limitations and restrictions