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Science Year 8 > Chapter 8 Rocks And Mining > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Rocks And Mining Flashcards

1
Q

What are agents of erosion?

A 
Factors that cause erosion 
Some examples are:
-water
-wind
-gravity
-ice
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2
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The top layer of the mantle, composed of ‘plastic’ rock

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3
Q

Biogenic sedimentary rock

A

Sedimentary rock formed mainly from dead organisms

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4
Q

Biological weathering

A

Living things and their products breaking down rock

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5
Q

What is cement?

A

Natural chemicals found in water that can bind sediments together

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6
Q

What is chemical sedimentary rock?

A

Sedimentary rock that forms when dissolved materials precipitate from solution

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7
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Water, or chemicals in water or air, reacting and breaking down rock

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8
Q

What is clastic sedimentary rock?

A

Sedimentary rock formed mainly from small rock particles

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9
Q

What is contact metamorphism ?

A

A type of metamorphism where rock is altered mostly by heat

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10
Q

What is the core?

A

The innermost layer of the earth

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11
Q

What is the crust?

A

The outermost layer of the earth, composed of solid rock

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12
Q

What is deposition?

A

The settling of broken rock material to form sediments

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13
Q

What is dynamic metamorphism?

A

A type of metamorphism where rock is altered mostly by pressure

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14
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Use of an electric current to extract minerals from solution

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15
Q

What is erosion?

A

Removal of weathered rock particles from the site of the weathering

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16
Q

What is extraction?

A

The chemical process of separating metals from the compounds in which they occur

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17
Q

What is extrusive igneous rock ?

A

Igneous rock that forms on the surface of the earth

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18
Q

What are felsic?

A

Light coloured rocks

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19
Q

What is foliation?

A

A process where minerals under pressure realign and the rock develops layers or bands

20
Q

What is a force?

A

Any interaction that will change the motion of an object when unopposed. For example a push or a pull

21
Q

What are fossils?

A

The preserved remains of living organisms

22
Q

What is froth flotation?

A

A process for extracting material from water (and chemicals) by producing air bubbles which the material sticks to and floats

23
Q

What is geology?

A

The study of rocks, their history and the processes that form and change them

24
Q

What are hydrothermal fluids?

A

Superheated fluids that circulate through the earths crust, picking up minerals such as gold

25
Q

What is igneous rock?

A

Rock formed from cooling magma or lava

26
Q

What are interlocking mineral crystals?

A

Crystals that lock together and grow into each other in a rock

27
Q

What is intrusive igneous rock?

A

Igneous rock that forms below the surface of the earth

28
Q

What is lava?

A

Molten rock that reaches the Earth‘s surface

29
Q

What are mafic?

A

Dark coloured rocks

30
Q

What is magma?

A

Molten rock that does not reach the earth’s surface

31
Q

What is the mantle?

A

A layer of the earth that is below the crust

32
Q

What is metamorphic rock?

A

Rock formed when temperature and/or pressure alter existing rock

33
Q

What is a mineral?

A

A naturally occurring solid substance that is inorganic, has a characteristic crystalline structure and a fairly constant chemical composition

34
Q

What a mineral resources?

A

Minerals that are dug up and used

35
Q

What is a native metal?

A

A metal found as a pure element

36
Q

What is an Ore mineral?

A

A Valuable mineral found in rocks

37
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

The breaking down of rocks by physical processes

38
Q

What is pressure?

A

Physical force exerted on or against a rock unit, measured as force per unit area

39
Q

What is regional metamorphism?

A

A type of metamorphism where rock is altered by both heat and pressure over a wide area

40
Q

What is the rock cycle?

A

A model geologists use to explain the endless cycle of change that rocks undergo.

41
Q

What is sedimentary rock?

A

Rock made by sediments being cemented together

42
Q

What is smelting?

A

Extracting metal from its ore by melting it, pouring it and allowing it to cool

43
Q

What are strata?

A

Layers of sedimentary rock

44
Q

What are tailings?

A

Waste materials from a mine or mineral processing plant

45
Q

What are tectonic plates?

A

Massive plates that make up the earths crust

46
Q

What is weathering?

A

The physical chemical and biological processes that break down rocks into smaller pieces

Science Year 8 (14 decks)

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